1. SAFAII 2010 1 SAFAII 2010 (SANITATION ACCESS FOR ALL INDIAN INDIVIDUAL) A Snapshot of Sanitation in India 2010 An estimated 55% of all Indians, more than 600 million people, still do not have access to any kind of toilet. Among those who make up this shocking total, Indians who live in urban slums and rural environments are affected the most. In rural areas, the scale of the problem is particularly daunting, as 74% of the rural population still defecates in the open. World Population Density Map - Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. June 2009.

2. SAFAII 2010 2 % HH with latrine facility Safai (Sanitation) % HH with electricity Bijli (Electricity) BiPaSa’s whereabouts – 1992-93, 1998–99 & 2005-06 BiPaSa - set out for home in India long time ago… % HH with safe drinking water Pani (Water)

3. SAFAII 2010 3 A journey of 85 years… 1925 - ‘Sanitation is more important than political independence’ – Mahatma Gandhi “The day every one of us gets a toilet to use, I shall know that our country has reached the pinnacle of progress” - Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India 2010 - “There is a moral, civil, political and economic need to bring adequate sanitation to the global population – adequate for human health and adequate for ecosystem integrity” - Dr. Zafar Adeel, Chair UN-Water, Director UN University – Institute of Water, Environment & Health

4. SAFAII 2010 4 Reach half the way by 2015? Target 7.C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation Source: India MDG Report, MoS&PI 2009 Projected MDG Targets

5. SAFAII 2010 5 Pani would reach faster than water rural water supply growing faster Percentage of households with improved drinking water source: India 1992-1993 to 2005-2006 Source: National Family Health Survey

6. Fast forward - MDGs met in 2015 - Safai still elusive to many! Source: Drinking Water and Sanitation Status in India - Water Aid India, 2005.

7. Urban Water and Sanitation Coverage, India Source: Drinking Water and Sanitation Status in India - Water Aid India, 2005. (Graph based on UNICEF/ WHO/ Planning Commission figures)

8. SAFAII 2010 8 Source: Census 2001 Safai in the RED bastion! Past decade?

9. SAFAII 2010 9 Another 50 years to reach? Source: NFHS surveys Little over 1% households added per year

10. SAFAII 2010 10 Open under the sky...stagnant Population using toilet & defecating in open - India Source: Joint Monitoring Programme 2010 : UNICEF and WHO

11. SAFAII 2010 11 The destination - people & their homes Source : Planning Commission / Census 2001

12. SAFAII 2010 12 The load factor POPULATION DENSITY Census 2001 State groups considered for following analysis 8 EAG (Empowered Action Group) States UP, UA, Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Bihar & Orissa NE & J&K Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizorm, Tripura, Arunachal, Nagaland, Sikkim, J&K Western Maharastra, Gujarat, Goa Southern TN, AP, Karnataka, Kerala Others Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, HP, WB

13. SAFAII 2010 13 Journey till 2001 and thereafter

14. SAFAII 2010 14 Source: Central Bureau of Health Intelligence EAG (Empowered Action Group) States: 8 states - UP, UA, Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Bihar & Orissa The challenges

15. SAFAII 2010 15 Mapping the weak tracks Total Sanitation Campaign Physical Performance July 2010 and counting…

16. SAFAII 2010 16 Source : Total Sanitation Campaign Downhill trip in West & south, climb up in EAG/NE

17. SAFAII 2010 17 Source : Total Sanitation Campaign A track change - by demand or just willingness to pay?

18. SAFAII 2010 18 Source : Total Sanitation Campaign Its’ a war to reach home (objective) early! Reaching the bottom of pyramid fast

19. SAFAII 2010 19 Performance trend – BPL / APL Mix – in absolute figures Source : Total Sanitation Campaign

20. SAFAII 2010 20 Source : Total Sanitation Campaign In EAG / NE.. slow on million count

21. SAFAII 2010 21 Source: Nirmal Gram Puraskar – Villages with 100% sanitation coverage 100%s in 2008 for West & South

22. SAFAII 2010 22 Conservative objective – high achievement or vice versa? - Aug 2010 Source : Total Sanitation Campaign

23. SAFAII 2010 23 Co-incidence or correlation – Safai follows Pani in WB blocks Source: National Drinking Water Mission & Total Sanitation Campaign

24. SAFAII 2010 24 Road blocks in GPs of Dindigul, TN IHHL Coverage APL+BPL 0-35% 36-75% 76 - 90% 91-100% Source : Total Sanitation Campaign

25. SAFAII 2010 25 Source : Total Sanitation Campaign Schools of thought - 2008 & after

26. SAFAII 2010 26 Source : Total Sanitation Campaign EAG/NE targeting children!

27. SAFAII 2010 27 Source : Total Sanitation Campaign Best community living.. West/NE

28. SAFAII 2010 28 Resource Allocation Total Sanitation Campaign Financial Performance The CTC … cost to country

29. SAFAII 2010 29 Source : Total Sanitation Campaign The individual focus – 70:30 ratio

30. Average construction cost / IHHL last 3 years cumulative expenditure / nos. of IHHL installed Source : Total Sanitation Campaign SAFAII 2010 30

31. SAFAII 2010 31 Source : Total Sanitation Campaign IEC for community involvement – 70:30 ratio

32. SAFAII 2010 32 Source : Total Sanitation Campaign West invests more for IEC –

33. SAFAII 2010 33 Economics of the IEC Source : Total Sanitation Campaign

34. SAFAII 2010 34 Beneficiary contribution? Source : Total Sanitation Campaign

35. Average beneficiary contribution / IHHL last 3 years cumulative beneficiary contribution / nos. of IHHL installed Source : Total Sanitation Campaign SAFAII 2010 35

36. SAFAII 2010 36 Implication of Sanitation on MDGs Excerpts from Sanitation as a Key to Global Health: Voices from the Field - UN University – Institute of Water, Environment & Health Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger –Sanitation provides economic benefits that reduce extreme poverty. Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education –Improved sanitation promotes school attendance Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women –Safe sanitation facilitates gender sensitive hygiene facilities at school and work; promote the attendance of menstruating girls and women. Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality –In addition to reducing child mortality from diarrhea related malnutrition, improved sanitation can help to reduce morbidity for millions of other children. Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health –Maternal health, child survival and access to sanitation are intricately linked. Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases –Improved sanitation and hygiene reduces risk of waterborne diseases like malaria, cholera. Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability –Improved water and sanitation benefits the connection between environment and health. Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development –The sanitation sector is currently fragmented, with stakeholders playing diverse roles in different regions and time periods.

37. SAFAII 2010 37 FAQs …where is Bipasa now? When is Safai reaching? Targeting the seven Cs 1.Core target group – track BPL or BoP (Bottom of Pyramid)? 2.Community Participation – would IEC spend aid adoption? 3.Cost sharing – subsidize another 50 years for “zero tolerance”? 4.Campaign for Total Sanitation – “asset” utilization in “Nirmal” villages? 5.Cost effective & sustainable – Supply or demand driven approach? 6.CTC – Cost to Country or cost recovery? 7.MDG Target 7C – 2015 or later? & Total Sanitation in India? 2060 or earlier How? Monitoring “objectives” – Goals? Achievements? Sustained usage? Cost recovery? Tracking requirement – sequence? Level - district, GP, village, habitation? www.ikonet.in Contact: info@ikonet.ininfo@ikonet.in