1. Collin Russo David Tawadras Brian Johnson Engineering Design 100

2. “To Design a telecom cell phone base station system that uses sustainable energy sources to provide cell services to citizens in parts of Kenya who otherwise would not have access to this technology.”

3. Design a telecom cell phone base station system that uses sustainable energy sources, a diesel generator system, and sodium metal halide battery to the base station. The system should optimize available power in areas with either no energy grid or an unreliable energy grid, and also illustrate environmental benefits of replacing the typical current solutions. The design should be feasible to implement with minimal resources and reusable across developing regions. 1.1 Executive Summary

4. GE is a diversified infrastructure, finance, and media company taking on the world's toughest challenges. From aircraft engines and power generation to financial services, medical imaging, and television programming, GE operates in more than 100 countries and employs about 300,000 people worldwide. GE has a strong set of global businesses in infrastructure, finance, and media aligned to meet today's needs, including the demand for global infrastructure; growing and changing demographics that need access to healthcare, finance, and information and entertainment; and environmental technologies. In 2009, GE delivered solid results despite the tough economic climate with earnings of $11.2 billion. Industrial cash flow from operating activities for the year remained strong at over $16.6 billion. GE traces its beginnings to Thomas A. Edison, who established Edison Electric Light Company in 1878. In 1892, a merger of Edison General Electric Company and Thomson- Houston Electric Company created General Electric Company. GE is the only company listed in the Dow Jones Industrial Index today that was also included in the original index in 1896.ts of replacing the typical current solutions. The design should be feasible to implement with minimal resources and reusable across developing regions. 1.2 Executive Summary

5. 3.3 External Search -Kenya is the 47 th largest country in the world -It has a tropical climate. It is hot and humid at the coast, and very dry inland (our location). -It receives a great deal of sunshine year round, and stays hot -The capital, Nairobi, is located near the center of the country with a population of about 3.2 million.

6. 2.1 Customer Needs Assessment

7. 2.2 Customer Needs Assessment

8. 2.3 Customer Needs Assessment Load1.2 kW AreaNon-Grid Operating VDC48 VDC Components  Diesel DC Generator  Sodium metal halide battery  Alternative Energy Source  Hut

9. 2.4 Customer Needs Assessment

10. 3.1.1 External Search

11. 3.1.2 External Search

12. 3.2 External Search

13. 4.1 Concept Generation Energy Hut Cell Phone Service/Signal Power Grid or Battery Cell Tower Antenna Mechanical Energy Electrica l Energy Apply Electrical Energy to Antenna Timed Cycle Power System Switch Trigger Switch Solar Energy Wind Energy

14. Power Antenna Lattice Stealth Tower Hut Guyed Monopole Wind Hydro Solar Bio/Solar Geothermal 18-panel 3-panel 9-panel 1 round panel 4.2 Concept Generation Solar/Wind/Bio

15. 4.3 Concept Generation Tower: 1) 3-sided tower with a triangular base (Lattice) 2) Single tube (Monopole) 3) Straight tower with supporting guide wires (Guyed) 4) Tower disguised as the natural surroundings or artwork (Stealth) Power Source: 1) Solar 2) Wind 3) Bio-fuel/solar combination 4) Hydroelectric 5) Geothermal 6) Solar/wind/bio-fuel combination Antenna: 1) Triangular arrangement with three panels 2) Triangular arrangement with nine panels 3) Triangular arrangement with eighteen panels 4) Round arrangement of on large panel

16. 4.4 Concept Generation -Straight tower with supporting guide wires (Guyed) -Solar and Wind Combination -9 panel antenna

17. 4.5 Concept Generation Part #NameQTYCost SOP Effect FunctionDimensions Manufacturing Process Material 1Wind Turbine Top2 YCreates usable energy 40 inch radius dome= 1.5ft Molded Magnifying plastic 2Solar Panel 2 YCreates usable energy1M radiusMachinedSilicon 3Support pole2 NSupport and elevate40 ftMoldedMetal 4Mounting Bracket2 NSupport Solar panel6in Machined and drilled Metal 5Generator Motor2 Y Generate electricity from wind turbine H: 1ft R: 6in Machine manufactured Metal s, plastic 6Guyed Tower1 YElevate Antennae80ft Molded and machined Metal 7Support Rope4 NSupport Tower120ftMachine wovenFibers 89 Plate Antennae1 Y Send and Receive Cell Service Tri : sides 10ftx3 Machined Metals, Plastic 9Concrete Hut1 NSafely store electronics 8ft X 8ft X 8ftMoldedConcrete 10Diesel Generator1 NBack Up Power Source6ft x 2ftMachinedMetal, Oil 11Sodium metal halide battery 1 NCharge and discharge during need H: 4ft R: 2ft MachinedAcid, Plastic, Metal

18. 4.5 Concept Generation

19. 5.1 Concept Selection

20. 5.2.1 Concept Selection

21. 5.2.2 Concept Selection

22. 5.2.3 Concept Selection

28. Our cell tower requires a constant load of 1200W. Whether it comes from the alternative energy source, battery, or emergency generator it needs at least 1200W of power. Pt≥1200W We have a wind/solar device for our power source. They work in combination, so power from wind+ power from the sun= total power. Pw+Ps=Pt 6.1 Final Design Analysis

29. The equation for wind energy in terms of area is: Pw= (.5)*(swept area)*(air density)*(wind velocity)^3 Our arrangement for the wind part of our device is a half circle so: Swept area= (πr^2)/2 In the city of Mombasa, KE (the city that our tower is going on the outskirts of) the average wind velocity is around 9.94m/s. The elevation of Mombasa is around sea level so the approximate air density is 1.23kg/m^3. Air density=1.23wind velocity=9.94 Therefore, Pw=(.5)*(( πr^2)/2)*(1.23)*(9.94)^3 Pw=948.755r^2watts 6.2 Final Design Analysis

30. The average area for a 100W solar panel is 0.6553m^2. Therefore, a circular 100W solar panel has a radius of r=0.4568m. By plugging this r into the above wind energy equation we get that for every 100W of solar one can get 198W of wind. Now by using a simple proportion we can get the minimum quantity for r that will supply 1200W of power..6553m^2/298W=A/1200W A=2.638m^2 A=πr^2 r=.9167m 6.3 Final Design Analysis

31. Wind energy can be working all the time, but solar can only run while the sun is out (about 5 hours per day) If the whole component was run by wind we get that the r would have to equal at least 1.125m based on the above equation with the average wind velocity. Therefore, we as a group feel that our design should be efficient at 1m, since at 1m it would store up enough extra energy to make it through the night. By combining wind and solar, we limit the need for using the emergency backup generator and limit the dependence on fossil fuels with our new green technology. Our design is mostly initial cost. It does not require expensive fuel and the maintenance cost should be low too. We do however recommend a cleaning once every couple years of as need incase bats run into the blades or if something builds up on the solar panel, because this would interfere with its maximum output. 6.4 Final Design Analysis