1. Single-phase Motor Stator
If TWO AC voltages, 90oE apart, are applied to TWO WINDINGS, 90oM apart, a UNIFORM ROTATING field will result.

2. Capacitor Start Motor
Addition of a START Winding CAPACITOR increases the phase angle between windings to approach 90o at start.

3. Permanent Split Capacitor Motor
This motor is very easily reversible. However, because the windings are identical, its has relatively low efficiency, and is used mainly for reversible small motors.

4. Shaded Pole Motor
The Shaded Pole squirrel cage motor is used for small, low torque applications.
The laminated iron core usually has a single coil, producing alternating magnetic flux.

5. Shaded Pole Motor
The laminated stator has slots in which SHORT-CIRCUITED copper “Shading Rings” are placed.
The inductive shading rings have currents induced that are LAGGING the coil current.

6. The rotor rotates TOWARDS the shading rings.
Shaded Pole Motor
The small angle of lag between coil flux and shading ring flux produces a weak rotating field effect.
The rotor rotates TOWARDS the shading rings.

7. Universal Motor
Current is passed to the armature via carbon brushes in contact with the commutator
Brushes in Brush-holders

8. Reversing Rotation of Single Phase Motors
Shaded Pole Motor
Reversal of Shaded Pole Motor requires physical reversal of the stator and shading rings.