1. Introduction to Construction Industry
Faculty of Applied Engineering and Urban Planning
Civil Engineering Department
Introduction to Construction Industry
2nd Semester 2008/2009
Masonry and Brick Works
Lecture 15
UP Copyrights 2008

2. Basic Brickwork Terms Header face: The short face of a brick
Stretcher face: The long face of a brick
A course of stretchers: A single row of laid bricks with the long face towards you
Mortar: The material used to bed and joint the bricks
Mortar bed: The mortar placed underneath the bricks
Mortar joint: The mortar placed between the bricks
Arris: The corner edges of a brick
Frog: The indent or holes often found in bricks
Racking back: The wall being stepped back at the end
Plumbing point: A point – usually at each end of a wall – which is checked for plumb (straight up and down

9. The functions of mortars.
Mortars provide a level and full bearing surface for masonry units.
The mortar also provides a seal against water between the masonry units.
the masonry units provide visual aesthetics of the building.
The uniqueness of brick masonry.
- Brick masonry units are the most resistant masonry to fire.
- Bricks are small, easily hand held, easy to lay and flexible to adapt to difficult
geometries.
Bricks are extremely durable. Sumerian bricks have survived for over 4,500
years in structures that are still standing today.
- Bricks are resistant to weather, they do not rotتلف, are not affected by insectsحشرات , and never need painting or maintenance.

10. Concave joints مقعر Flush jointsمستوية “Modified” vee joints. معدل
Racked jointsمحفورة

11. Mortar’s ingredients. Pre-packaged mortars.
1) Portland cement, same as used in concrete; serves as the bonding agent;
2) Hydrated lime, used to enhance the workability of the mix;
3) Sand, in a clean condition (not beach sand) and graded (different sizes);
4) Water, should be clean (that is, potable); and
5) Admixtures, which may be optional; they usually are used to
make the mixture more workable (easier to mix),
or retards the setting time,
or accelerates the setting time, etc.
Pre-packaged mortars.
Pre-packaged mortars are ready to use, and require only adding water.
They commonly include the cement, sand and lime.
They are offered with a variety of colors .
The curing of the mortar takes place by hydration,
which is a chemical reaction, the mortar can only be plastic for re-tempering during 90 minutes. After 2 hours it must be discarded (يتم التخلص منها وإلا ).

12. Tools Bricklayer’s trowel Line and pins Corner blocks Pocket level
Measuring tape

13. Tools
Long straight edge
Mash hammer and bolster
Large spirit level

14. Setting out
Step 1 Read the plan of the drawing and get the correct length of the wall to be built
Step 2 Mark out a straight line on the concrete to this exact length
Step 3 Bed a brick at both ends of the wall
Step 4 Check that these bricks are level to each other

15. Setting out

16. Setting out
Step 5 Dry bond the first course of brick between the two set bricks

17. Setting out Step 6 Make any adjustments necessary in the bonding
Step 7 Fix a line and pins to the end bricks
Step 8 Build the first course to the line, working from both ends and meeting in the middle
Step 9 Finally, check the first course carefully before proceeding further

18. Setting out

19. Setting out

20. Setting out

21. Setting out

22. Standards

23. Standards

24. Standards

25. Standards

26. Standards