1. E LEMENTS OF D ESIGN

2. L INE A line is a set of connected points that can be drawn carefully with a ruler or expressively by hand. Lines can be used to show direction, create expression and value, indicate motion (gesture), or show the outside edge of something (contour).

4. S HAPE A shape is a line or series of connected lines that join at the ends to create a closed area. Shapes may be geometric (circle, square, etc.) or organic (free-form).

6. F ORM A form is the term used to refer to a shape that is 3-dimensional (has depth or thickness), rather than just being flat.

8. S PACE Space is the area defined by an object (positive space) or the empty area that is found between objects (negative space).

10. V ALUE Value (or tone) refers to the degree of lightness or darkness that something is perceived. The relationship between light and dark is called contrast.

12. C OLOUR Colour (or hue) is the light we see reflected off an object. Each colour has a specific wavelength and its full spectrum can be seen in a rainbow.

14. T EXTURE Texture is the look or feel of a surface. The illusion of texture can be created in art through drawing and painting.

16. P RINCIPLES OF D ESIGN

17. R HYTHM Rhythm is the repetition of a visual element in a design that produces unity. Rhythm also can be used to create pattern.

19. M OVEMENT The illusion of movement can be achieved in art be using rhythm. Movement can also be implied by drawing objects of-balance.

21. B ALANCE Balance is a sense of equilibrium on art. Balance may be formal (symmetrical) or informal (asymmetrical).

23. P ROPORTION Proportion refers to the size of objects in relation to other objects. Proportion should be handled correctly in order to create a pleasing image.

25. V ARIETY Variety means difference. Variety helps add interest and excitement to your design

27. E MPASIS Emphasis is used by artists in order to get viewers to focus on a particular part of an image. A centre of interest is created by manipulating the different elements of a design or by adjusting the placement or size of objects.

29. U NITY Unity or harmony in a design means that all of its components work well together. This can be achieved in many ways (e.g. repetition, limited colour scheme).