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All Roads Lead to Rome
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50,000 miles from Britannia to Tigris-Euphrates
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The Geography of Rome
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Italy in 750 BCE
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Protected from Sea invasions (Geography)
Strengths of Rome Protected from Sea invasions (Geography) Located in the on a place on the Tiber River that was a crossing for all therefore it was located in the middle of trade routes. The Republic allowed for both flexibility and stability It allowed for input from all of the classes and it changed with election instead of overthrowing the government (Laws later become government) Every adult male citizen was obligated to serve in the army. Discipline was strict. High morals acquired from the legions permeated throughout the Republic (Legions) After conquering a people the Romans shared citizenship and thus political power with those conquered. (Just application of the Laws and Language) The ideals of the legion were passed on through the family and the father known as the paterfamilias and their control of the agricultural economy on their small farms. These farmers were also known as citizen-farmers.
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Influence of the Etruscans
Writing Religion
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The Mythical Founding of Rome Romulus & Remus
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The Roman Republic: 509 BCE - 27 BCE
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Republic Established 509 BCE
Rape of Lucretia Etruscan Tarqin monarchs overthrown Assembly of Tribes (35) 31 Rural Tribes 4 Urban Tribes
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Republican Government
2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome) Senate (Representative body for patricians) Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)
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Compared to US
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Struggle of the Orders Patricians Plebeians
Attempts to balance their power allows for the creation of the patrician class attempting to hold onto power plebeians trying to achieve social and political equality patricians found could not to exist without the plebeians plebeians produce the food and supply the labor that kept the Roman economy going supplied the soldiers for the Roman military. If the plebeians could act as a group, they could effectively shut down the Roman economy and military the latter was especially important since Rome was in continual military conflict during the age of the Republic.
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Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.
The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.
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The Roman Forum
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Rome’s Early Road System
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The Apian Way
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Roman Aqueducts
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Circus Maximus
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Carthaginian Empire
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Hannibal’s Route
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Reform Leaders Military Reformer
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus - the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land. Military Reformer Gaius Marius - recruited an army from the poor and homeless. - professional standing army.
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Civil War & Dictators Julius Caesar Pompey
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Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BCE
The Die is Cast!
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The First Triumvirate Julius Caesar Becomes “First Counsul”
Never emperor Seizes power Defeats Crassus and Pomey Marcus Licinius Crassus Gaius Magnus Pompey
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Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE
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The Second Triumvirate
Octavian Augustus First Emperor of Rome Establishes the Roman Imperial period Marc Antony Battle of Actium Marcus Lepidus
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The Roman Empire: 27 BCE CE
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Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor
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The First Roman Dynasty
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Pax Romana: 27 BC – 180 AD
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The Roman Coliseum
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The Coliseum Interior
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The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 AD
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The Rise of Christianity
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St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles
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The Spread of Christianity
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Imperial Roman Road System
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The Empire in Crisis: 3c
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Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 AD
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Constantine:
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Constantinople: The 2nd Rome Founded in 330
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Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c
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Attila the Hun: “The Scourge of God”
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Byzantium: Eastern Roman Fall of Rome in the West - 1453
Hagia Sophia ca
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The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian
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Byzantine Emperor Justinian
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The Legacy of Rome Republic Government Roman Law Latin Language
Roman Legions Roman Catholic Church City Planning Romanesque Architectural Style Roman Engineering Aqueducts Keystone block in the arch sewage systems Dams cement
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Trades routes correlate with growth of cities
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