1. The Athletic Trainer and the Sports Medicine Team
Introduction

2. Sports Medicine Athletic Training Biomechanics Exercise Physiology
Medical Practice
Physical Therapy
Sport Nutrition
Sport Psychology
Massage Therapy

3. Sports Medicine Team:
Team Physician—absolute authority in determining participation status
Athletic Trainer
Coach
Athlete
Group effort is most effective
Athlete circle of care: athlete reports to the coaching staff with medical complaint; coaching staff refers athlete to AT staff for tx; AT staff asses injury and if needed refer athlete to family/team doctor, staff also communicates with athletes parents; athlete may be referred to specialist prn; treatment monitored by AT staff; AT staff communicates with coaching staff on athlete’s status

4. Professions Associated With Sports Medicine
Family Doctor
Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist (CSCS)
Chiropractor
Massage Therapist
Physician’s Assistant

5. Associated Professions (cont’d)
Physical Therapist
Physical Therapist Assistant
Sports Nutritionist
Sports Psychologist
National Strength and Conditioning Association Certified Personal Trainer (NCSA-CPT)

6. Athletic Training & the ATC
The rendering of specialized care (prevention, recognition, evaluation and care of injuries) to individuals involved in exercise and athletics.
Certified Athletic Trainer: highly educated and skilled professional who specializes in the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of injuries

7. Title IX Federal legislation in effect since 1972
Prohibits discrimination in school athletic participation on the basis of sex
Tremendous increase in female athletic participation, creating an even greater need for qualified certified athletic trainers

8. History and Development of Athletic Training
Galan, gladiators in ancient Rome
Renaissance, human body actively studied
Leonardo da Vinci, great contributor during Renaissance
19th century firm establishment of intercollegiate & interscholastic sports
The Trainer’s Bible
1917, Dr. S.E. Bilik
First major text on athletic training
and the care of athletic injuries
Greek and Roman civilizations, coaches, trainers, physicians; roles starting to emerge
For centuries after fall of Roman empire (Middle Ages) there was complete lack of interest in sports activities
Beginning of Renaissance activities slowly gain popularity
19th century: no technical knowledge, athletic training techniques usually consisted of a run, the application of some type of counterirritant, and occasionally the prescription of various home remedies and poultices

9. History and Development of Athletic Training
Cramer Family (1920s)
Gardner, Kansas
Started a chemical company and began producing a liniment to treat ankle sprains
Publication of First Aider in 1932
Family instrumental in early development of the athletic training profession
Continue to play prominent role in education of student athletic trainers
Cramer’s realized there was market for products to treat injured athletes; in effort to enhance communication and facilitated exchange of ideas among coaches, athletic trainers, and athletes=publication

10. History and Development of Athletic Training
1950: NATA formed, establishing professional standards for the athletic trainer
1991: American Medical Association (AMA) recognized athletic training as allied health profession
1930s effort made to establish a national organization, then WWII
: university athletic trainers once again began to organize themselves into separate regional conference, which would later become what we know now as districts
1991: taken many years for the athletic trainer to attain the status of a well-qualified allied health care professional
AT will continue to evolve as long as athletes continue to compete and injuries continue to occur

11. Athletic Trainer Preventing injuries from occurring
Providing initial first aid and injury management
Analyzing and evaluating injuries
Taping and bandaging
Implementing exercise and rehabilitation programs for athletes
Using various modalities and training equipment
Recording, organizing, and storing information on injuries and rehabilitation
Rehab program: timely and effective program for safe and efficient return to sport

12. Requirements for Certification
Must graduate from an undergraduate or graduate program accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE)
Pass certification examination
Maintain certification with continuing education
CEUs to ensure ongoing professional growth and involvement by ATCs (80/ 3 year)

13. Core Curriculum Human anatomy Human physiology Psychology Kinesiology
Biomechanics
Exercise physiology
Personal community health
Nutrition
Prevention of athletic injuries/illness
Evaluation of athletic injuries/illness
Therapeutic modalities
Therapeutic exercise
Administration of athletic training programs

14. Core Curriculum cont. First aid and emergency care
General medical conditions and disabilities
Health care administration
Medical ethics and legal issues
Pathology of injury/illness
Pharmacology
Professional development and responsibilities
Psychosocial intervention and referral
Risk management and injury/illness prevention
Strength training and reconditioning
Statistics and research design
Weigh management and body composition

15. Purpose of Certification
To establish standards for entry into the profession of athletic training
Standards set by the National Athletic Trainers’ Association Board of Certification (NATABOC)
NATA Code of Ethics

16. Certification Examination
Fulfill requirements
Tested in 6 domains:
Prevention of athletic injuries
Recognition, evaluation & assessment of injuries
Immediate care of injuries
Treatment, rehabilitation, & reconditioning of athletic injuries
Health care administration
Professional development & responsibility

17. Roles and Responsibilities of the Athletic Trainer
Preventative
Recognition, Evaluation, and Immediate Care
Rehabilitation Course of Action
Administration
Professional Development
Personal Skills

18. 1. Preventative Pre-Participation Screening (PPE) Conditioning
Total body
Sport or injury specific
Monitoring Environmental Conditions
Field conditions
Weather
Properly Fitted Equipment
Educate
Parents, coaches, athletes

19. 2. Recognition, Evaluation, and Immediate Care
Emergency
Acute
Course of Action
Think quickly, calmly
Initial Eval:
Rule out ER conditions
Transport off field? How?
Return to play? Referral?
Safety first!!

20. 3. Rehabilitation Course of Action
Short Term
Long Term
Return to Play
Communicate with physician

21. 4. Administration Documentation Written Guidelines
Daily records
Treatment logs
Insurance
Family history
Medications
Surgeries
Written Guidelines
Policy and Procedures
Daily operations
Rules/regulations
EAP
Scheduling

22. 5. Professional Development
Membership in Different Professional Organizations
Stay current
CEU
Be active in organizations
CEU’s awarded for attending symposiums, seminars, workshops, conferences; serving as a speaker, panelist, or certification exam model; authoring a research article in a professional journal, authoring or editing a textbook; completing a JAT quiz; obtaining CPR, first aid, or EMT certification.
All ATC must demonstrate proof of CPR certification at least once during 3 year term

23. 6. Personal Skills 1. Know the Athlete: Medical History past/current
Injuries, allergies, meds, contact lens, dental appliances
Personality
Low tolerance vs. high tolerance
2. Know the Sport:
Fundamentals
Demands of sport
Same injury
In one sport not cleared,
in another
can play

24. Personal Skills cont. 3. Remain Calm: Self calm Calm the athlete
Very difficult to assess if the athlete is scared, excited, and anxious
4. Alert:
Observe all athletes
Limping, down, acting unusual
5. Good Judgment:
Common sense

25. Personal Skills cont. 6. Experience: Confidence Assessment skills
7. Patience (with):
Evaluation
Athlete
Self
Learn from experience, don’t dwell
Don’t be afraid to refer, could be more serious than initially thought

26. Personal Skills cont. 8. Referral: Record all information
Send to physician
Doubts, concerns
Clearance

27. What personal qualities make a good Athletic Trainer?
Empathy
Flexibility
Ability to adapt
Stamina
Ability to communicate
Personability with athletes
Listener (counselor)
Common sense
Good judgment
Intellectual curiosity
Education
Experience
Confidence
Patience

28. Required Skills Problem solving ability Deductive reasoning skills
Good judgment
Good decision making skills
Proficient knowledge of anatomy, physiology, biology, and advanced first aid
Motor skills
Communication skills
Ability to work well with people
Ability to work well under stressful conditions
Ability to maintain poise in emergencies

29. Role of the Athlete Conditioning and Fitness Proper Nutrition
Know Risk of Sport
Report Injuries
Active Role in Rehab
Athlete’s Bill of Rights

30. Support Personnel Nurse School health services Orthopedist
General Practioner/Family Doctor
Neurologist
Internist
Ophthalmologist
Pediatrician
Psychiatrist
Nutritionist
Chiropractor
Dentist
Podiatrist
Physician’s Assistant (PA)
Physical Therapist (PT)
Strength & Conditioning specialist
Biomechanist
Exercise Physiologist
Sports Psychologist
Massage Therapist
Social Worker
Know what each one does!

31. Associations NATA NATABOC
National Athletic Trainer’s Association
NATABOC
National Athletic Trainer’s Association Board of Certification
ACSM
American College of Sports Medicine
CAATE
Commission on the Accreditation of Athletic Training Education
AOSSM
American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine
NSCA
National Strength and Conditioning Association
ACSM: American College of Sports Medicine; est 1954; patterned after FIMS; members include medical doctors, doctors of philosophy, physical educators, athletic trainers, coaches, exercise physiologists, biomechanists; national & regional meetings; quarterly magazine Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
AOSSM: American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine; created in 1972 to encourage and support scientific research in orthopedic sports medicine; organization works to develop methods for safer, more productive, and more enjoyable fitness programs and sports participation; bimonthly publication American Journal of Sports Medicine
NSCA: National Strength and Conditioning Association; formed 1978 to facilitate a professional exchange of ideas in strength development as it relates to the improvement of athletic performance and fitness and to enhance, enlighten, and advance the field of strength and conditioning; includes strength and conditioning coaches, personal trainers, exercise physiologists, athletic trainers, researchers, educators, sport coaches, physical therapists, business owners, exercise instructors, fitness directors, and students training to enter field; nationally credited certification programs 1. Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist (CSCS), 2. NSCA Certified Personal Trainer (NSCA-CPT); publishes Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research and Strength and Conditioning

32. National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA)
Founded in 1950 ( members)
Headquarters in Dallas, TX
26,000+ members presently
Quarterly journal The Journal of Athletic Training
Annual convention
Mission statement: To enhance the quality of health care for the physically active through education and research in prevention, evaluation, management, and rehabilitation of injuries.

33. Terminology
Sports Medicine
Certification
Registration
Licensure

34. Employment Settings Secondary Schools School District
College/University
Professional Teams
Sports Medicine Clinic
Industrial Setting
Hospital/Outreach
Non-traditional

35. Secondary Schools Usually faculty-athletic trainer position
Compensation based on:
Released time from teaching
Stipend as coach
Provide limited coverage

36. School Districts Centrally placed ATC May be full- or part-time
Non-teacher who serves several schools
Advantage = savings
Disadvantage = lack or inadequate coverage/service

37. Colleges/Universities
Small Institutions
Part-time teacher, part-time athletic trainer
Multiple sports
Also provide coverage to intramurals & club programs
Long hours
Limited resources
Major Institutions
Full-time athletic trainers
Works only for dept of athletics
One sport
Long hours!
Abundance of resources, personnel

38. Sports Medicine Clinics
More ATCs employed in this setting than in any other
Varies from clinic to clinic
Most ATCs treat patients with sports-related injuries in am & contract out to high schools in pm
Salaries are typically slightly higher than in more traditional settings
May be responsible for marketing of sports medicine program

39. Professional Teams
Perform specific team athletic training duties for 6 months per year
Works with only one team or organization
Under contract, similar to players

40. Industrial/Military
Becoming common for ATC to work in a prevention role
Oversee fitness and injury rehabilitation programs for employees
Must understand concepts behind ergonomics
May be assigned to conduct wellness programs & provide education and individual counseling
Also employed by federal law enforcement agencies (i.e.. FBI, CIA, DEA)

41. Non-Traditional X-Games Dance company
Name other areas an AT could be useful
Dance (rocketts)
X-Games
Movies

42. Working Relationship:
Administrators
Athletic Personnel
Parents
Allied Health Professionals