1. Section 1-4 Tools & Procedures

2. Warm Up 2-13-07 Parts of a Microscope and their Function
Open your book to page 1070
Copy the 15 parts & functions of the Microscope in your notebook

3. Metric System – SI System
Most common system of measurement
It’s a system based on decimals and multiples of 10.
Very easy to use !!!!

4. Length – the distance from one point to another
Common Metric Units
Length – the distance from one point to another
meter (m): slightly longer than a yard (3 feet)

5. Volume – the amount of space an object takes up
Common Metric Units
Volume – the amount of space an object takes up
Liter (L) – slightly more than a quart of milk

6. Mass – amount of matter in an object
Common Metric Units
Mass – amount of matter in an object
gram (g) – equal to a paper clip

7. Temperature – measure of hotness and coldness degrees Celsius – (ºC)
Common Metric Units
Temperature – measure of hotness and coldness
degrees Celsius – (ºC)
- 0ºC = freezing point of H20
- 100ºC = boiling point of H20

8. Metric System Conversions
Prefix Symbol Multiplying Factor
mega M
kilo k
hecto h 100
deka da 10
meter m
deci d 0.1
centi cm
milli m
** do not copy in notebook**

9. English – Metric Equivalents
1 inch (in.) = 2.54 centimeters (cm)
39.97 inches (in.) or
3 feet 3.97 inches (in) = 1 meter (m)
0.62 miles (mi) = 1 kilometer (km)
1.06 quarts (qt.) = 1 liter (L)
1 cup (c) = 236 milliliters (mL)
2.2 pounds (lb.) = 1 kilogram (kg)
1 ounce (oz) = 28.3 grams (g)
ºC = 5/9 x (ºF – 32)
** do not copy into notebook**

10. Warm up
Answer the following questions based on Tuesday’s lecture: (try to answer each one without the help of your notebook or book)
*What is the metric system?
*What is another name of the metric system?
*What country does not use the Metric system?
*What is the common metric unit for length?
*A liter compares to what in American measurement?
*What is the freezing point of water in °C and °F?
*What is the boiling point of water in °C and °F

11. Analyzing Biological Data
Scientists organize data by recording it in a table
Then they make a graph to make it easy to understand
Water Released and Absorbed by Tree
Time
Absorbed
by Roots
(g/h)
Released
by Leaves
(g/h)
Water released by leaves 20
8 AM 1 2 15
10 AM 1 5
Relative Rates (g/h) 10
12 PM 4 12
2 PM 6 17 5
4 PM 9 16
Water released by leaves
6 PM 14 10
8 PM 10
8 AM
10 AM
12 PM
2 PM
4 PM
6 PM
8 PM 3
Time
Section 1-4

12. Microscopes
Devices used to produce magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye

13. Light Microscopes Produce magnified images by using LIGHT.
*Clearly magnifies an object 1000 times
its original size
** MOST COMMONLY USED **

14. Compound Light Microscopes
Allows light to pass through the
specimen (sample)
Uses 2 lenses to form
the image
Can observe both
dead & alive specimens

15. Electron Microscopes
Used to magnify images that a light microscope cannot
Uses a beam of electrons to produce image
Images produced are 1000 times better than a light microscope
Can only be used on dead specimens

16. 2 Types of Electron Microscopes
Scanning Electron Microscope
- scan back & forth across the surface of the specimen
- produces realistic, 3D images of the surface
Transmission Electron Microscope
- shines through the specimen
- produce 3D images inside of object

17. How to Use a Microscope Film
Write down the following questions in your notebook. You will answer them while you view the film.
*Who was the 1st person to develop the microscope?
*List 3 types of microscopes
*The ocular is also known as the _______________.
*The object being magnified is called the _______.
*_______ holds the slides in place.
*The light or mirror is found at the ________ of the microscope.
*Course adjustment is used to bring the specimen _________ to the lens.
*How much water do you use to prepare a slide?
*If a specimen is too thin, you can add a drop of ____ to see it better.
*When you move the slide to the left, the image will move to the _____.

18. Laboratory Techniques
Cell Culture – group of cells that developed from one single cell
- used to:
1. test cell responses under controlled conditions
2. to study interactions between cells
3. to select specific cells for further study

19. Laboratory Techniques
Cell Fractionation – separating cell parts
Method:
1. cells are broken up in a blender
2. pieces of cell & a liquid is placed in a tube
3. tube placed in a Centrifuge:
- machine that spins tube
4. spinning causes parts to separate
5. scientists can study the individual parts

20. Working Safely in Your Science Class
Safety rules are very important in our classroom
Top 3 Most Important Safety Rules
1. Always follow your teacher’s
instructions
2. Always read instructions carefully
3. Always wash your hands after activities

21. Safety Symbols Activity
Use page 1068
Draw and define the following Safety Symbols in your notebook
Safety Goggles Poison
Breakage Disposal
Plastic Gloves Hand Washing
Sharp Object Electric Shock
General Awareness Safety

22. Study Guide for Chapter One Test
16 vocab words – matching (words on the board)
Common metric units (meter, liter, gram, °C)
Differences between the metric system & American system of measurement
Differences between microscopes
All questions from Microscope film.
All parts of the microscope & the their function (just like quiz)
Know how to label the microscope (just like quiz)
Know the top 3 safety rules in a science classroom
Be able to label the 10 safety symbols (foldable)
Levels of organization in order & examples of each level
8 Characteristics of Life
Know how to spell deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

23. Vocabulary for Chapter One
Cells Biology
Unicellular table
Multicellular graph
Sexual reproduction specimen
Asexual reproduction
DNA (know how to spell it)
Growth
Develop
Metabolism
Adaption
Homeostasis
Evolution