1. Installation and testing
Titelseite
September 2013

2. Safety Potential sources of risk: Active component (Laser)
Injury of eyes and skin
Fiber stub (cleaved fiber)
Consumables
Chemicals and its vapor

3. Cable deployment Indoor Outdoor Latter buried aerial under water
Duct direct direct
Conduit Duct

4. Installation methodology
Installation methodology depends on type of cable, distance, application and environment
wrapped
laying
pulling
blowing
aerial

5. Cable storage Storage Cable and accessories Installation
Temperature accor. data sheet
Pulling force accor. data sheet
Crush resistance accor. data sheet
Bending radius accor. data sheet
Mehr Infos in den Installations- und Testrichtlinien (Grantieprogramm)

6. Connector cleaning
source:JDSU
Finger print Contamination Clean

7. End face
Small parts on the fiber core cause significant return loss (RL) and insertion loss (IL)
Contamination
Light
(RL)
(IL)

8. Cleaning – Ferrule/end face
Contaminated end face / fiber core
impress of dust parts when connecting
Permanent damage on fiber core

9. Cleaning - Sleeve Contaminated sleeve Dust pushed during plug in
of connector
Dust ring on ferrule and potentially fiber core

10. Testing
Titelseite
September 2011

11. Inspection/verification test
Equipment
Power Meter & Light source
OTDR
Fiber/Connector inspection
Visual fault locator
Total optical loss 
Reflection
Link characteristic
Visuelle inspection

12. Visual inspection Connector Contamination Damage Identification
Fiber break
Bending
Faulty connection

13. Measurement principales
Power meter
Light source
Power Meter
Power Meter
Light source
Stecker
Stecker
Rückstreumessung (OTDR)
OTDR
OTDR
Stecker
Stecker

14. Power budget calculation OF-500
Connection
Splice
200 m
50 m
250 m
PMD
Component
ISO11801
“state of the art”
Fiber OM3
3.5db/km
1.75dB
2.8dB/km)
1.40dB
Connector
0.75dB/Steck
2.25dB
0.5dB/Steck
1.50dB
Fusion splice
0.3dB/Spl
0.30dB
0.1dB/Spl
0.10dB
Dämpfung Gesamt
4.30dB
3.00dB
Berechnung Dämpfungswert OM3 bei 850nm
Channel attenuation for OF-500 at 850nm -> 3.25dB

15. Power measurement – level setting
1. Reference measuring
Transmitter
Test cable 1
Receiver
Test cable 2
Adjust:
Attenuation = 0 dB

16. Power measurement – link evaluation
2. Measuring the system’s attenuation
Transmitter
Receiver
LWL - Anlage
Total attenuation [dB]
Test result
Attenuation = 2.1 dB

17. Power measurement testing
Methodology according ISO/IEC C
Licht
quelle S
Launch cable
Power
meter D
Test Jumper
Methodology 3 - Kanal
Methodology 1 - CP
Methodology 2 - PL
Depending on the reference measurement (1, 2 or 3 test jumper) a different result will be achieved.
ISO/IEC Methode 2 is equal to EN50346 – Methode 1

18. Error reduction: Mandrel wrap principle
50 m mandrel  18 mm for 3 mm jumpers
62.5 m mandrel  20 mm for 3 mm jumpers
9 m N.A.
Test jumper length 1 m to 5 m
5 wraps
Launch cord
Mandrel
This “mode filter” causes high bend loss in loosely coupled modes and low loss in tightly coupled modes. Thus the mandrel removes all loosely coupled modes generated by an overfilled launch in a short (cords) link used during the reference setting
Mandral wrap may reduce the insertion loss by:
up to 0.5dB – 62.5 m up to 0.9dB – 50 m

19. Optical Time Domain Reflectometer OTDR
Impuls-
generator
Light source
Beam
splitter
LWL t
bei der OTDR Messung wird ein Laserpuls der Dauer von 3ns bis 20µs in einen Lichtwellenleiter eingekoppelt und das Rückstreulicht über der Zeit gemessen
Measuring
delay
Receiver
Evaluation
optical Signal
electrical Signal

20. OTDR measuring Rayleigh scattering and Fresnel reflections
A light pulse propagates in an optical waveguide.
OTDR
The light pulse is partly reflected by an interfering effect.
OTDR
OTDR
The reflected light pulse is detected by the OTDR.
bei der OTDR Messung wird ein Laserpuls der Dauer von 3ns bis 20µs in einen Lichtwellenleiter eingekoppelt und das Rückstreulicht über der Zeit gemessen
Rayleigh scattering and Fresnel reflections

21. An example of an OTDR waveform
Fusion- Connector Fiber Mech. Fiber- splice bend splice end
OTDR
Attenuation (dB)
Distance (km)

22. OTDR Pulse length in fiber
OTDR pulse width
OTDR Pulse length in fiber
OTDR Pulse
Larger pulse width:
More power, larger dynamic range
Shorter pulse width:
better resolution, dynamic range reduced due to more incidents recognized.
Pulsweite beeinflußt Ereignis-Totzonen
Ein von OTDR ausgesendeter Puls hat eine entsprechende physikalische Länge (Energiegehalt)
Solange die Pulslänge kürzer ist als der Abstand zwischen einem Ergeignis und dem ihm folgenden, kann das folgende Ereignis detektiert werden (Ereignis-Totzone)
Kürzere Pulse haben aber weniger Energie und die effektive Dynamik wird dadurch reduziert
Es gilt die optimale Mittelung für beide Gegebenheiten zu finden

23. Dynamic range of an OTDR
PMAX
Backscatter level at OTDR test port dB
Dynamic Range 
Measurement Range
Noise floor km

24. Attenuation- & event dead zone OTDR
Ideal trace of a reflected event with shortest pulse width, PMIN
1.5 dB
Measured OTDR trace
0.5 dB
PMIN
Event dead zone
Attenuation dead zone

25. Power measuring with OTDR
Test set up
FO system under test 1) 2)
1) launching fiber 2) launching fiber
200 m m for MM m – 500 m for MM
500 m - 1’000 m for SM m - 1’000 m for SM

26. (1) Connection (Loss  0.4 dB) (1) Connection (Loss  0.4 dB)
Reading an OTDR Trace
Launch Cable
Horizontal Segment
Backbone Segment
Receive Cable
Link being
tested
OTDR
Trace
Patch Cord
Splice
(1) Connection (Loss  0.4 dB) A B -1
(1) Connection (Loss  0.4 dB)
Backbone Segment
Horiz. Seg.
(2) Connections (Loss  0.8 dB)
Link Loss ( 2.1 dB)
Relative Power (dB) -2
OTDR screen
Splice (Loss  0.1 dB) -3
Rcv. Cable
Launch Cable -4
Link Length ( 130 m)
250 50
100
150
200
Distance (m)

27. Other FO measurements Bandbreite
The bandwidth is measured by the manufacturer of the fiber and guaranteed. Some cable manufacturer test this occasionally. There is no point to test in the field or it is very expensive.
Polarisationsmoden Dispersion (PMD)
Only for Single mode application Channel length > 2 km