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Published byLizbeth Carr Modified over 9 years ago
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Relationships Between Words
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Analogies are based on relationships between word pairs. There is often more than one way to build a relationship between pairs of words. What are the different ways these words can be related? fish, fin, fly, worm, swim, wing, bird
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fish/swim (swim is the action that a fish does) bird/________ (What is the action that a bird does) bird/fly These are object to action analogies.
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fin/fish A fin is part of a fish. wing/_____ (What is a wing part of?) wing/bird These are part to whole analogies.
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fin/swim (How is fin related to swim?) wing/______ (What word relates to wing in the same way?) wing/fly The first word is something used to do the second word. These are tool to use analogies.
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An analogy is a comparison between two word pairs. The key to understanding analogies is to focus on the relationship between the word pairs.
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In each pair of the analogy, the first animal is a specific kind of the second. A guppy is a kind of fish. A hawk is a kind of bird. These are examples of specific example to a general category analogies. The relationship between to two pairs should be clear.
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Analogies can be written in words or in symbols. The colon (dots) replace the words. hawk is to bird AS guppy is to fish hawk : bird :: guppy : fish Both of these analogies read: A hawk is related to a bird in the same way as a guppy is related to a fish.
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Look at the parts of speech used in each word pair. The type of words used give you a clue as to the type of relationship shown. In an analogy with a kind of relationship, the words are all nouns. (specific example to general category) pear : fruit :: squash : vegetable In an object/action analogy, the first word is a noun (the object), and the second word is a verb (the action). bird : chirp :: dog : bark
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1. Object (tool) to the Action (use) In each pair, the first word is a tool used for the activity (second word). book : read :: pencil : write 2. Word to its Opposite (antonym) In each pair, the first word means the opposite of the second word. hot : cold :: day : night
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3. Part to Whole The first word is a part of a whole thing, second word. athlete : team :: spectator : audience 4. Cause to Effect The first word is the cause, the second word is the effect. teasing : quarrel :: speeding : ticket
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5. Kind of (general category/specific example) The first word is a general category, and the second word is a specific example. beetle: ladybug:: butterfly: monarch 6. Object to Material The first word is the object, the second word is what it is made up of. bottle : plastic :: shirt : cotton
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7. Synonyms In each pair, the first word means the same as the second word. satchel : bag :: crate : box 8. Male to Female In each pair, the male and female is compared. bull : cow :: rooster : hen
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Analogy = a way of showing that the relationship between one pair of words is similar to the relationship between a second pair of words Example The relationship between a writer and a pen is similar to the relationship between a painter and a brush.
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Example The relationship between a writer and a pen is similar to the relationship between a painter and a brush. A writer is to a pen as a painter is to a brush.
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Example A writer is to a pen AS a painter is to a brush. writer : pen :: painter : brush
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delicate : fragile :: sturdy : strong Word : Synonym balloon : rise :: ball : throw Object : Action rich : poor :: happy : sad Word : Antonym ink : pen :: lead: pencil Part : Whole
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boy: girl :: gander : goose Male : Female ring : silver :: tray : styrofoam Object : Material class : math :: school : Baker General : Specific effort : success :: sleep : energy Cause : Effect
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On your paper, write down the 8 different types of analogies and create your own. 1. object : action 2. word : antonym 3. part : whole 4. cause : effect 5. general : specific 6. object : material 7. word : synonym 8. male : female
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Fold your paper in half and make a two column chart. On the left hand side, label it “Relationship”. On the right hand side, label it “Answer”. Relationship Answer Number 1-40 on each side. With your partner, read each card and determine the relationship between the words. Record this on the left hand side of your chart. Once you have determined the relationship, complete the analogy. Record this on the right hand side of your chart.
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Antonyms Part to Whole Whole to Part Object to Action Action to Object Male to Female Female to Male Synonyms Object to Material Material to Object Cause to Effect Effect to Cause Specific to General General to Specific
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Add Ax Big Boat Brush City Diet Discuss Eat Feather Freeze Happiness Insect Mars Picture Quick Rough Sand Sentence Support Antonyms Synonyms Part to Whole Whole to Part Object to Action Action to Object Cause to Effect Effect to Cause Specific to General General to Specific
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Add Ax Big Boat Brush City Diet Discuss Eat Feather Freeze Happiness Insect Mars Picture Quick Rough Sand Sentence Support
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