2.  Cloud computing provides computation, software, data access, and storage services that do not require end-user knowledge of the physical location and configuration of the system that delivers the services.  Cloud computing structure allows access to information as long as an electronic device has access to the web.

3.  Cloud computing is an umbrella term used to refer to Internet based development and services.  A number of characteristics define cloud data, applications services and infrastructure:  Remotely hosted: Services or data are hosted on remote infrastructure.  Ubiquitous: Services or data are available from anywhere.  Commodified: The result is a utility computing model similar to traditional that of traditional utilities, like gas and electricity - you pay for what you would want!

5. Cloud computing is so named because the information being accessed is found in the "clouds", and does not require a user to be in a specific place to gain access to it.

6. LAYERILLUSTRATION Application Service (SaaS) ‏ MS Live/ExchangeLabs, IBM, Google Apps, Salesforce.com, Quicken Online, Zoho, Cisco Application PlatformGoogle App Engine, Mosso, Force.com, Engine Yard, Facebook, Heroku, AWS Server Platform3Tera, EC2, SliceHost, GoGrid, RightScale, Linode Storage PlatformAmazon S3, Dell, Apple,…

7. FOCUSSERVICESDESCRIPTION APPLICATIONSERVICESComplete business Services such as PayPal, OpenID, OAuth, Google Maps, Alexa APPLICATIONCloud based software that eliminates the need for local installation such as Google Apps, Microsoft Online DEVELOPMENTSoftware development platforms used to build custom cloud based applications (PAAS & SAAS) such as SalesForce INFRASTRUCTUREPLATFORMCloud based platforms, typically provided using virtualization, such as Amazon ECC, Sun Grid STORAGEData storage or cloud based NAS such as CTERA, iDisk, CloudNAS HOSTINGPhysical data centers such as those run by IBM, HP, NaviSite, etc.

8.  Rapid Scalability  Measured Services  Broad Network Access  On Demand self-service  Resource pooling

9. 1/2 Agility It is extremely simple and fast to entry the cloud computing and this is the explanation that makes it the primary preference of the users. Users are in a position to share the resources quickly. Agility is an important characteristic of cloud computing. Machine and placement independency Cloud computing is fully gadget and placement independent application. This characteristic is probably the most engaging characteristic of cloud computing. One can use gadget of cloud computing anytime and from any part of the world. One can use it both by cell or by PC. All you will have for this is the web browser to get entry to the content. It’s because the content material is simple to share over the internet. Multi-tenancy This characteristic helps the users to share a number of resources with massive group of users. This property of cloud computing will increase the load capacity. It also helps to utilize the resources efficiently. Moreover, multi-tenancy allows centralization of infrastructure.

10. 2/2 Reliability This computing service improves the reliability when large numbers of unnecessary websites are made use of. It’s an amazing characteristic of cloud computing. Reliability is one needed characteristic of cloud computing that will increase when redundant websites are accessed. Security Security provided by cloud computing is sweet for the reason that information over right here is centralized. Te centralization of knowledge improves the safety on the centered resources. The safety provided by this computing service is means better than the safety provided by different conventional systems.

11. Cloud Computing research addresses the challenges of meeting the requirements of next generation private, public and hybrid cloud computing architectures; and the challenges of allowing applications and development platforms to take advantage of the benefits of cloud computing. We are at the beginning of the road, there are still many technology challenges to be researched and adoption barriers to be overcome. Fortunately because cloud solution architectures include technology components from different fields, many research challenges in Cloud Computing have been already addressed to a certain degree by different research communities, mostly virtualization, Grid and autonomic computing.

12. Platform Management  Platform Management Challenges in delivering middleware capabilities for building, deploying, integrating and managing applications in a multi- tenant, elastic and scalable environments.  Scalability and multi-tenancy of application containers  Placement optimization algorithms of containers in resources

13. Cloud-enabled Applications. Cloud-enabled Applications. Challenges in building cloud-enabled applications and platforms to take advantage of the scalability, agility and reliability of the cloud.  Elastic and scalable applications and frameworks on very large-scale environments  Self-scaling, self-awareness, self-knowledge, and self-management capabilities of services  Novel applications of cloud computing  Power-efficient applications and platforms  Research challenges in the aggregation of resources from diverse cloud providers adding additional layers of service management

14. Cloud Aggregation Cloud Aggregation. Research challenges in the aggregation of resources from diverse cloud providers adding additional layers of service management.  Novel architectural models for aggregation of cloud providers  Brokering algorithms for high availability, performance, proximity, legal domains, price, or energy efficiency  Sharing of resources between cloud providers  Networking in the deployment of services across multiple cloud providers  SLA negotiation and management between cloud providers  Additional privacy, security and trust management layers atop providers  Support of context-aware applications  Automatic management of service elasticity

15. Cloud Management. Cloud Management. Research challenges in delivering infrastructure resources on-demand in a multi-tenant, secure, elastic and scalable environment.  Scalable management of network, computing and storage capacity  Scalable orchestration of virtualized resources and data  Placement optimization algorithms for energy efficiency, load balancing, high availability and QoS  Accounting, billing, monitoring and pricing models  Security, privacy and trust issues in the cloud  Energy efficiency models, metrics and tools at system and datacenter levels

16. Cloud Enablement. Cloud Enablement. Research challenges in enhancing platform infrastructure to support cloud management requirements.  Technologies for virtualization of infrastructure resources  Virtualization of high performance infrastructure components  Autonomic and intelligent management of resources  Implications of Cloud paradigm on networking and storage systems  Support for vertical elasticity  Provision of service related metrics

17. Cloud Interoperability  Cloud Interoperability. Challenges to ensure that the available cloud services can work together and interoperate successfully.  Common and standard interfaces for cloud computing  Portability of virtual appliances across diverse clouds providers

18. 1/2  In parallel there has been backlash against cloud computing:  Use of cloud computing means dependence on others and that could possibly limit flexibility and innovation: The others are likely become the bigger Internet companies like Google and IBM, who may monopolise the market. Some argue that this use of supercomputers is a return to the time of mainframe computing that the PC was a reaction against.  Security could prove to be a big issue: It is still unclear how safe out-sourced data is and when using these services ownership of data is not always clear.  There are also issues relating to policy and access: If your data is stored abroad whose FOI policy do you adhere to? What happens if the remote server goes down? How will you then access files? There have been cases of users being locked out of accounts and losing access to data.

19. 2/2  The use of the cloud provides a number of opportunities:  It enables services to be used without any understanding of their infrastructure.  Cloud computing works using economies of scale: It potentially lowers the outlay expense for start up companies, as they would no longer need to buy their own software or servers. Cost would be by on-demand pricing. Vendors and Service providers claim costs by establishing an ongoing revenue stream.  Data and services are stored remotely but accessible from “anywhere”.

20.  The cloud servers are simple to install. There isn’t a want for any extra hardware in this service.  The cloud servers supply large variety of resources that may enhance the websites.  This service may be very price efficient when in comparison with different services.

21.  ease of operations  Lower computer cost  ease of troubleshooting  improved performance  reduced software cost  instant software updates  improved document format capability  unlimited storage capacity  increased data reliability  universal document access  latest versions availability  easier group collaboration  device independence

22. 1/3  stored data might not be secure  constant internet access  does not work well with low speed connections  can be slow  features might be limited  stored data can be lost

23. 2/3  There is also the challenge of the end-user connectivity. Cloud computing will only be possible if there is a strong internet connection. Cloud computing might not work in areas where internet connection is weak. Although there are applications that might be work with simple dial- up connectivity, the application could easily go down especially when there is too many data to be processed.

24. 3/3  Infrastructure is also a challenge for cloud computing. A company who opts to have their own server would have to ensure the infrastructure will be able to deal with consistent and massive data and processing requests. But even with these challenges, cloud computing is seen as one of the futures of the internet. It is changing the way businesses complete their transactions and it will certainly make some changes the way people look at the internet.