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Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor?
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Stimson Doctrine-The U.S. refused to diplomatically acknowledge the addition of Manchuria to Japan Secretary of State Henry Stimson The U.S. threatened no military or economic retaliation. 1931 United States did not want to disrupt trade with Japan. U.S. supplied Japan with most of its scrap iron and steel. U.S. sold Japan 80% of its oil.
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1937 Sino-Japanese War Japan begins full scale war against China 35 million Chinese killed or maimed during the War. 300,000 Chinese soldiers and civilians were killed 20,000 women were raped. 200,000 Chinese were killed in germ warfare experiments December 13, 1937 city of Nanking fell to Japanese
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Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek 蔣中正 蔣介石 Nationalist leader of China 1928-1948
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U.S. announced it was pulling out of the 1911 Treaty of Commerce and Navigation with Japan 1939 July 1940 U.S. aviation gas ban Fall 1940 U.S. Embargoed iron, steel and machine parts
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July 1941 U.S. completely embargoed resources to Japan U.S. froze all Japanese assets in American entities 1941 November 26, 1941, U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull handed Japanese ambassadors in Washington D.C. the "Hull Note." The only way for the U.S. to remove the resource embargo was for Japan to: Remove all troops from China. Remove all troops from Indochina. End the alliance it had signed with Germany and Italy the previous year.
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November 17 1941 Secretary of State Cordell Hull Japanese Ambassador Admiral Kichisabur ō Nomura (left) and Special Envoy Sabur ō Kurusu (right) Last Diplomatic Meeting
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December 7, 1941
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Japanese attack the Philippines December 8, 1941 American forces are defeated in the Philippines Surrender May 8, 1942 U.S. declares war on Japan December 8, 1941 Germany declares war on the U.S. December 11, 1941
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Battle of Midway June 4-7, 1942
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Philippines 1944-45 Iwo Jima, February 1945 Okinawa April 1- June 21, 1945 U.S. -75,000 casualties Japan-110,071 killed
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August 6 Hiroshima August 9 Nagasaki and Soviets invade Manchuria August 15 Japanese surrender 1945 "Should We continue to fight, it would not only result in an ultimate collapse and obliteration of the Japanese nation, but also it would lead to the total extinction of human civilization." -Emperor Hirohito
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