1. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 1 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX CDM/Energy Efficiency Projects EGYPT : Group II Ihab Elmassry Email: imassry@link.net Ihab Elmassry, M. Sc., CEM, DGCP Energy Solutions Business Egypt & Middle East Cummins Power Generation - UK Mobile +(2) 012-312-5477, Fax +(202) 401-1202 Email: imassry@link.netimassry@link.net

2. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 2 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Discussion Points 1. Egypt Energy Outlook 2. SS EE - CDM projects Plant DescriptionPlant Description Technology DescriptionTechnology Description Energy ConsumptionEnergy Consumption Sources of GHGSources of GHG BL & CERsBL & CERs 3. Energy Efficiency Business in Egypt

3. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 3 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX 1. Egypt Energy Outlook Electricity Electricity Cons.(02/03) 81 TWh Installed Power 18 GW Fuel NG21 M TOE Fuel #28.6 M TOE Fuel #66 M TOE

4. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 4 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Fuel Consumption in Egypt

5. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 5 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX 110 Million ton (2002) Egypt CO 2 Emissions

6. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 6 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Projects to be presented Cogeneration 1.1 MW e Cogeneration @ Elnasr For Paper (PDD) 1.3 MW e Cogeneration @ Misr Elmonofia for textile (PIN) Fuel Switching Fuel switching @ Glass for dyeing (PDD) Fuel switching @ clay bricks factories (PIN) Energy Management System (EMS) EMS @ Zenotex for dyeing (PIN)

7. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 7 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX EE Definition There is no single definition, But … There is no single definition, But … Doing the same with less Energy efficiency measures are designed to reduce the amount of fuel/energy consumed without losing any of the value of the product or process. Improving energy efficiency is a technological means to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases without increasing production costs. http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oi=defmore&q=define:Energy+Efficiency

8. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 8 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX I. Cogeneration Projects Small Scale CDM projects Small Scale CDM projects Plant names Plant names 1. Elnasr for paper & Carton (PDD) 2. Misr Elmnofia for textile (PIN)

9. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 9 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEXTechnology Cogeneration is the simultaneous generation of usable heat and power, usually electricity, in a single process from the same fuel. CHP is not a new technology Used in Thomas Edison’s first electric generating plant in 1891

10. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 10 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Fuel + air Losses Steam Electricity Losses Steam Electricity Fuel + air Losses Cost of Electricity + Heat Cogeneration Vs Conventional System

11. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 11 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Benefits of Cogeneration Energy efficient Energy efficient Reduction in kWh and heat costs Reduction in kWh and heat costs Reduction in air emissions Reduction in air emissions

12. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 12 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX 1. Elnasr’s Project Summary Plant NameElnasr Company for Paper Plant NameElnasr Company for Paper LocationAlexandria, Egypt LocationAlexandria, Egypt PDD Draft version has been issued PDD Draft version has been issued Technology NG-Based Cogeneration Package Technology NG-Based Cogeneration Package Size1.1 MW e & 1 t/hr Sat. Steam Size1.1 MW e & 1 t/hr Sat. Steam Project cat.Small Scale, EEI - II-D Project cat.Small Scale, EEI - II-D Investment$370,000 Investment$370,000 COReduction2,500 ton/yr CO 2 Reduction2,500 ton/yr

13. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 13 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Plant Background Annual operating hrs8760 hr Max. electrical demand2000 kW Voltage level11/0.38 KV Diesel engine 800 kW The plant cover its electric demand through utility grid and diesel gen-sets. Not synchronized in with the utility grid. NGavailable Two boilers exists one out of order. The on service boiler data is Rated pressure 25 barg Operating pressure12.5 barg Process pressure 4 barg 2 burners 1 NG/Light oil & 1 heavy oil

14. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 14 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX 900 MWh/mo

15. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 15 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX 1,240 kW 1,320 kW

16. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 16 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX

17. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 17 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX

18. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 18 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX

19. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 19 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Elnasr Co. for Paper SLD To 560 kW 6 kV motor Feeder A Feeder B MV Bus bar TR 2 1 MVA 0.4 kV Low voltage loads TR 3 1 MVA G2 380 V level NC TR 4 1 MVA 11 kV side 0.5 MVA Change over switch G1 1 MVA TR 1 1 MVA Other loads

20. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 20 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Possible Alternatives Cogen scheme Gen-set-based / GT-based Gen-set-based / GT-based connection connection Isolated modeIsolated mode Parallel mode (synchronized with utility)Parallel mode (synchronized with utility)

21. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 21 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX To 560 kW 6 kV motor Feeder AFeeder B MV Bus bar TR 2 1 MVA 0.4 kV Low voltage loads TR 3 1 MVA 380 V level NC TR 4 1 MVA 11 kV side TR 1 1 MVA Supply steam base load @ 4barg Supply electric base load @ 11 kV Proposed SLD

22. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 22 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Cummins QSk60 Gas-Gen Set No kWh export Sell Back price???

23. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 23 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEXBaseline Type II - D – Energy Efficiency Improvement Type II - D – Energy Efficiency Improvement BL emissions are the current emissions of the facility due to self-generation, BL emissions are the current emissions of the facility due to self-generation, kWh from utility grid & boiler. kWh from utility grid & boiler. Cogen input fuel is pipeline NG and output is electricity (kWh) and heat (saturated steam). This will cover kWh & ton/hr base loads. Cogen input fuel is pipeline NG and output is electricity (kWh) and heat (saturated steam). This will cover kWh & ton/hr base loads. MGM-Metrogas 3MW Cogen

24. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 24 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX BL - Most Recent Central Power Station in Egypt yearPlant nameTypeInstalled MW Gross Generated GWh Fuel Cons. (KTOE) 2001Ayoun MousaSteam6403,847814 2000ElarishSteam66443115 2000Sedikreir 1,2Steam6403,742757 1999ElkraymatSteam1,2546,3351335 1995Exp. Cairo westSteam6603,840845 Total3,26018,2073,866 CO2 emissions factor 525 kg CO 2 /MWh

25. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 25 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX IPCCC Emission Factors

26. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 26 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Project Boundary Elnasr Plant Boiler Electricity from public utility NG Ste am Elec. Power G Fuel #2 Plant site Project site Elnasr Plant Boiler NGSteam Elec. Power NG Cogen unit Project boundary

27. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 27 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Project & BL Emissions SourceProjectBaseline Direct on-site 1.CO 2 emissions from the NG burnt by the cogeneration unit 2.Methane and Nitrous Oxide emissions from NG combustion by cogeneration unit.  None Direct off-site  None Indirect on-site  None Indirect off-site 1.Methane emissions from NG production & pipeline leakage associated with gas consumption of cogeneration. 1.CO 2 emissions from the NG consumption in heat producing equipment (boiler) that is substituted by cogeneration unit 2.Methane and Nitrous Oxide emissions from NG combustion in heat producing equipment (boiler) that is substituted by cogeneration unit. 3.Methane emissions from leakage from NG production and pipeline leakage associated with NG consumption that is substituted by of cogeneration 4.CO 2 emissions from on-site kWh generation by diesel gen-set. 5.CO 2 emissions for electricity generation that is substituted by cogeneration unit including associated transmission and distribution losses.

28. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 28 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEXCERs Crediting Period: 10 years Crediting Period: 10 years 1 yr of the Crediting Period: 2006 1 st yr of the Crediting Period: 2006 Baseline emissions7,938 ton CO 2 eq Project emissions5,391 ton CO 2 eq Emissions reductions2,546 ton CO 2 eq

29. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 29 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEXBarriers I.Investment/financial barrier I.Investment/financial barrier – A cogeneration project is relatively a capital intensive project. – There is no clear financing mechanism for EE projects. – Banks and leasing companies’ interest rates are high. – Subsidy that imposed on electricity and energy prices. – Relatively high simple payback periods, in best cases it is not less than 7 years.

30. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 30 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Barriers (Cont.) III.Institutional III.Institutional – The reluctance of the utility to purchase the excess kWh. – The lack of long-term plans supported by the government for cogeneration promotion. – No cogeneration PPA – Low selling back tariff – Procedure for interconnection requirements IV.Technological: IV.Technological: – Few number of small scale cogeneration projects are already installed, this leads to operation & performance risk

31. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 31 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEXMonitoring IDData typeData variableData unit Measured (m), calculated (c) or estimated (e) Recording frequency 1NG consumption by cogeneration unit Cogen NG cons M3M3 mmonthly 2Cogeneration electricity supplied to the plant Cogen kWh out kWhmmonthly 3Cogeneration heat output Cogen steam out Ton/hrmmonthly Energy efficiency is not an exact science

32. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 32 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEXEIA No need for EIA, as it is < 5 MW No need for EIA, as it is < 5 MW e Form B is only required. Form B is only required.

33. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 33 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX 2. Misr Elmonofia’s Project Plant NameMisr Elmonofia Company for Textile Plant NameMisr Elmonofia Company for Textile LocationMonofia, Egypt LocationMonofia, Egypt PDD Draft version is being prepare PDD Draft version is being prepare Technology NG-Based Cogeneration Package Technology NG-Based Cogeneration Package Size1.3 MWe & 1.4 t/hr Sat. Steam Size1.3 MWe & 1.4 t/hr Sat. Steam Project cat.Small Scale, II-D Project cat.Small Scale, II-D Investment$414,000 Investment$414,000 COReduction 2,600 ton/yr CO 2 Reduction 2,600 ton/yr

34. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 34 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEXBackground Current Annual kWh9.5 GWh (utility) Average Demand1.3 MW Existing Annual Self Gen3.9 GWh Total Plant energy consumption13.4 GWh Plant Average Demand1.5 MW Boiler 2 * 7.5 ton/hr @ 8 barg Average steam load 1.8 to 1.3 ton/hr

35. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 35 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX

36. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 36 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX

37. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 37 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX

38. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 38 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX

39. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 39 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Cummins QSV81 Gas-Gen Set

40. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 40 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Misr Elmonofia Summary Estimated total Project Cost $415,000 Estimated total Project Cost $415,000 PDD Draft PDD almost completed PDD Draft PDD almost completed Crediting Period: 10 years Crediting Period: 10 years First year of the Crediting Period: 2006 First year of the Crediting Period: 2006 Annual CERs Expected: 2,600 ton CO Annual CERs Expected: 2,600 ton CO 2

41. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 41 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Cogeneration Potential in Egypt Previous studies shows that there is a reat potential of cogen application in Egypt. Previous studies shows that there is a reat potential of cogen application in Egypt. 1,200 MW to 800 MW 1,200 MW e to 800 MW e

42. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 42 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX II. Fuel Switching Projects Glass for Dyeing (PDD) Glass for Dyeing (PDD) 100 Bricks Plants (PIN) 100 Bricks Plants (PIN)

43. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 43 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Fuel Switching at Glass for Dyeing (PDD) Plant name Glass for Dyeing Plant name Glass for Dyeing LocationShoubra Elkhama, Egypt LocationShoubra Elkhama, Egypt Investment$90,000 Investment$90,000 Baseline Emissions17,535 t COe / yr Baseline Emissions17,535 t CO 2 e / yr Project Emission 12,935 t COe / yr Project Emission 12,935 t CO 2 e / yr Reduction 4,600 ton CO/yr Reduction 4,600 ton CO 2 /yr CR period 3 x 7 yrs CR period 3 x 7 yrs Debundled No Debundled No

44. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 44 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Plant Description The plant main operations are:- The plant main operations are:- Souring, Bleaching & Rinsing of cotton fabrics Souring, Bleaching & Rinsing of cotton fabrics Dyeing Dyeing Printing Printing Operates 24 hrs, 365 day/yr Operates 24 hrs, 365 day/yr The plant has:- The plant has:- – 2 x 6 ton/hr Fuel oil-fired steam boiler – 1 x 4 ton/hr Gas oil-fired oil boiler

45. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 45 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Monthly Fuel Consumption At Glass Av GO 87 KLiter, FO, 390 ton

46. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 46 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Proposed Project Technology It is straight forward application It is straight forward application Replacement of FO & GO fired burners with NG-fired ones + automatic CS. Replacement of FO & GO fired burners with NG-fired ones + automatic CS. NG is available close to plant fence, NG Reduction station and internal NG piping work are included. NG is available close to plant fence, NG Reduction station and internal NG piping work are included. No major technological barrier involved No major technological barrier involved

47. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 47 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Emission Reduction Higher fuel use efficiency, the overall efficiency of the boilers is expected to be higher than the current state. Higher fuel use efficiency, the overall efficiency of the boilers is expected to be higher than the current state. Eliminate fuel oil and gas oil consumptions Eliminate fuel oil and gas oil consumptions

48. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 48 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX BL Methodology Type III - Switching fossil fuels Type III - Switching fossil fuels project boundary is the physical and geographical site where the fuel combustion affected by the fuel- switching measure occurs. project boundary is the physical and geographical site where the fuel combustion affected by the fuel- switching measure occurs. BL emissions are the current emissions of the facility due to FO & GO combustion. BL emissions are the current emissions of the facility due to FO & GO combustion.

49. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 49 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEXMonitoring the proposed monitoring plant shall consist of:- the proposed monitoring plant shall consist of:- – Metering the input fuel consumption – Boilers combustion efficiency. Overall boiler thermal efficiency will be estimated based on the physical conditions of boiler’s body insulation. Overall boiler thermal efficiency will be estimated based on the physical conditions of boiler’s body insulation.

50. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 50 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEXEIA No EIA is required for switching from FO & GO to NG is required by the Egyptian regulations. No EIA is required for switching from FO & GO to NG is required by the Egyptian regulations.

51. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 51 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Fuel switching of clay bricks factories (PIN) Plant Name100 Clay Bricks Plants Plant Name100 Clay Bricks Plants LocationArab Abou Sead, Egypt LocationArab Abou Sead, Egypt PDD PIN has been issued PDD PIN has been issued Technology Fuel Switching Technology Fuel Switching Size100 Clay Bricks Size100 Clay Bricks Project cat. Type III - Switching fossil fuels Project cat. Type III - Switching fossil fuels Investment$ 10 Million Investment$ 10 Million COReduction 500,000 ton/yr CO 2 Reduction 500,000 ton/yr Credit period 3 x 7 years Credit period 3 x 7 years

52. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 52 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Fuel Switching in Egypt Egyptian LDCs are promoting for FS projects Egyptian LDCs are promoting for FS projects EGAS has a programme for FS in industrial sector. EGAS has a programme for FS in industrial sector.

53. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 53 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX III. Energy Management System (EMS) A detailed energy audit report, which includes 11 industrial dyeing plants in different locations, was conducted in March 2000. A detailed energy audit report, which includes 11 industrial dyeing plants in different locations, was conducted in March 2000. Zenotex for Dyeing is selected as an example Zenotex for Dyeing is selected as an example

54. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 54 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Zenotex Summary (PIN) Plant NameZenotex for Dyeing Plant NameZenotex for Dyeing LocationAlexandria, Egypt LocationAlexandria, Egypt PDD PIN has been issued PDD PIN has been issued Technology EMS Technology EMS Project cat.Small Scale, EEI - II-C Project cat.Small Scale, EEI - II-C Investment$728,000 Investment$728,000 Credit periods2x7 years Credit periods2x7 years BL COEmission15,950 ton/yr BL CO 2 Emission15,950 ton/yr Project Emission9,150 ton/yr Project Emission9,150 ton/yr COReduction 6,800 ton/yr CO 2 Reduction 6,800 ton/yr

55. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 55 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Technology – Centralized EMS High Efficient insulation material High Efficient insulation material Existing control system Tuning Existing control system Tuning Waste Heat Recovery (cooling water &hot/waste water) Waste Heat Recovery (cooling water &hot/waste water) Recovery of condensate Recovery of condensate Boiler tune up Boiler tune up

56. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 56 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Summary of CO 2 Reduction (11 Plants) CO 2 reduction 44,702 ton/yr Fuel saving 14,550 TOE/yr Investment cost $ 4.3 Million

57. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 57 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Energy Efficiency Potential & Opportunities Applicable technologies as CDM projects (examples) Cogeneration waste Heat Recovery Energy Management System Combustion Control Fuel Switching High efficient Refractories ….. ECEP* Project 1989-1998 * Energy Conservation & Environment Project (ECEP), USAID project

58. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 58 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Annual CO2 Emission Reductions (M tons) EMS Cogeneration CCS WHR FS 01.46.30.7 2.82.13.54.24.95.6

59. Energy Efficiency SS-CDM - Egypt 59 Tunis, Sept 22-24, 2004 TIMS/EEAA Jerba-CDM-Investment-Forum UNEP RISOE / APEX Estimated CO2 Reduction (12 Million ton)