1. Communication
Communication is a symbolic, interpretive, transactional, contextual, process in which people create shared meanings that does not have to be intentional.

2. Includes such things as:
Eye contact
Posture
Appearance
Touching
Gestures
Voice tone

3. Nonverbal Communication
All aspects of communication other than the
words themselves.
(Birdwhistell ’70)

4. Like verbal communication, the way we use and
interpret nonverbal communication is culturally
specific.

5. Like verbal communication nonverbal communication is:
Arbitrary and ambiguous

6. In the United States
31%
69%

7. 5 Ways in Which Nonverbal Behaviors Interact With Verbal Communication
Accent
Complement
Contradict
Regulate
Substitute

8. Categories of Nonverbal Communication
Body Movement (kinesics)
Emblems
Illustrators
Affect Displays
Regulators
Adaptors

9. Name the Kinesics

10. Categories of Nonverbal Communication
2. Space (proxemics)
Intimate distance
Personal distance
Social distance
Public distance

11. Proxemics also deals with:
Territory
Protect
Mark
Degree
Places
Reactions

12. Categories of Nonverbal Communication
3. Touch (haptics)
Task Related
Social Related

13. Categories of Nonverbal Communication
Time (chronemics)
How we perceive and use time
Past oriented
Present oriented
Future oriented

14. Past Oriented Regard past events as important.
Emphasis is placed on tradition.
Show great respect for elders.

15. Present Oriented
Spontaneity

16. Future Oriented
Live for tomorrow

17. How Cultures Arrange Their Time Differently
3 Different time systems
1. Technical
2. Formal
3. Informal
Monochronic
Polychronic

18. Categories of Nonverbal Communication
5. Voice (Paralanguage)
Paralanguage
How something is said
(silence, pitch, tone, volume)

19. Categories of Nonverbal Communication
Arabs: Loudly --- strength and sincerity
Israelis: Increased volume --- strong belief about topic
Asian: Gentle soft voice --- good manners and education

20. Mā mother
má hemp
mă horse
Mà scold

21. “We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape us.”
Categories of Nonverbal Communication Environmental and Physical Appearance
“We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape us.”
Winston Churchill

22. Environment and Physical Appearance
Red
Chinese – good luck
Koreans – bad luck
Ghana – sorrow
Russians - fertility