1. Mission and Organization US Navy and USMC
WHAT We Do
&
WHY We Do It

2. Learning Objectives A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower
Navy/USMC Missions
Components of Department of the Navy
Functions of the SECNAV
Functions of the CNO/CMC

3. A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower
During testimony before the House Armed Services Committee on December 13, 2007, General James Conway, Commandant of the U.S. Marine Corps said:
“The basic premise of our newly published maritime strategy is that the United States is a force for good in the world - that while we are capable of launching a clenched fist when we must - offering the hand of friendship is also an essential and prominent tool in our kit. That premise flows from the belief that preventing wars is as important as winning wars.”

4. A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower
Naval Forces six (6) core capabilities:
Forward Presence
Deterrence
Sea Control
Power Projection
Maritime Security
Humanitarian Assistance / Disaster Response
Capitalizes on the unique contributions of the Navy/Marine Corps forces across the spectrum of operations in peace and war and how it relates to our national security

5. USMC Roles and Missions
Primary
Provide Fleet Marine Force with combined arms and supporting air components for service with the United States Fleet in the seizure or defense of advanced naval bases and for the conduct of such land operations as may be essential to the execution of naval campaign.
Secondary
Development of amphibious doctrine, tactics, equipment, etc.

6. Additional Responsibilities
Security of Naval Shore Stations
State Department Guard Duty
Embassies
As directed by the President
Acting as a national “force in readiness”

7. Missions of the US Navy Sea Control Deterrence Forward Presence
Power Projection
Maritime Security
Humanitarian Assistance / Disaster Response

8. Specifically, the Maritime Strategic Concept states:
Regionally Concentrated, Credible Combat Power: The U.S. sea services will maintain credible combat power forward "in the Western Pacific and the Arabian Gulf/Indian Ocean to protect our vital interests, assure friends and allies of the continuing U.S. commitment to regional security, and deter and dissuade potential adversaries and peer competitors." The maritime strategy states that the U.S. does not seek adversaries, nor single out any one nation, but will be best postured to maintain security and freedom of movement across the maritime domain.

9. Specifically, the Maritime Strategic Concept states:
Globally Distributed, Mission-Tailored Maritime Forces: The U.S. sea services will establish a persistent global presence using distributed forces that are organized by mission, comprising integrated U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard capabilities. Aircraft Carrier and Expeditionary Strike Groups will continue to deploy much as they do now, but they will also use smaller groups or units to provide this presence across the globe, such as the Global Fleet Station.

10. Traditional (Cold War) Missions
Maintain use of the sea while denying its use to the enemy
Ensure industrial supply lines remain open
Reinforce/Resupply military forces overseas
Provide wartime economic/military supplies to allies

11. Mission: Sea Control Tactics Bottle up the enemy in port
Using geographic chokepoints, prevent enemy forces from getting to the open ocean.

12. Mission: Sea Control Forces used in Sea Control Carriers / Air Wings
Surface combatants
Fast Attack Submarines
Mines

13. Mission: Deterrence Cold war nuclear deterrence
Soviets could expect US had survivable second strike capability
China and Taiwan
North Korea
Iran
Non-nation state

14. Mission: Strategic Deterrence
Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD):
Provide unacceptable risk to attacker
Maintain a stable international political environment

15. Mission: Forward Presence
Non-nuclear deterrence
Quicker response
American Resolve and long reach
CSG/ARG and Bases

16. Forward Presence

17. Mission: Power Projection
Objectives
Deliver and support troops ashore
Secure land from the enemy
Destroy offensive capability of opponent
Harassment of enemy forces
Shaping other nations’ military/political options

18. Mission: Power Projection
TLAM
Strike Aircraft
Naval Gunfire
Special Operations
USMC
Strategic Weapons

19. Maritime Security

20. Humanitarian Assistance / Disaster Response

21. Department of the Navy Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV)
Chief of Naval Operations (CNO)
Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC)

22. Department of the Navy
Operating Forces provide, train, and equip ships, aircraft, submarines, Marines and direct-support bases involved in operations
Shore Establishment provides support to the operating forces; supporting the fleet in numerous ways (recruiting command, ship/aircraft repair, intelligence, meteorological, etc.)

23. Department of the Navy

24. Secretary of the Navy Honorable Ray Mabus
The Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) is is responsible for conducting the affairs of the Department of the Navy, including recruiting, organizing, equipping, training and mobilizing. Additionally, oversees the construction and repair of naval ships, aircraft, and facilities, and formulates and implements policies and programs consistent with the national security policies established by the President and the Secretary of Defense. SECNAV is responsible for an annual budget in excess of $170 billion and leadership of almost 900,000 people.

25. Chief of Naval Operations (CNO)
ADMIRAL JONATHAN W.
GREENERT
The Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) is the senior military officer of the Department of the Navy. The CNO is a four-star admiral and is responsible to the Secretary of the Navy for the command, utilization of resources, and operating efficiency of the operating forces of the Navy and of the Navy shore activities assigned by the Secretary of the Navy.

26. Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy
MCPON (AW/NAC) Michael D. Stevens
The Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy (MCPON) serves as the senior enlisted leader of the Navy, and as an advisor to the Chief of Naval Operations and to the Chief of Naval Personnel in matters dealing with enlisted personnel and their families.

27. Current Status of the Navy
Active Duty: 323,639   Officers: 54,669   Enlisted: 265,652  Midshipmen: 3,318
Ready Reserve: 107,716   Selected Reserves: 59,927   Individual Ready Reserve: 47,789
Reserves currently mobilized: 3,574
DoN Civilian Employees: 201,000

28. Current Status, Cont’d
Deployable Battle Force Ships: 290   Ships Underway (away from homeport): 103 (36% of total)   Ships Underway   Carriers: USS George H. W. Bush (CVN 77) - 5th Fleet
Amphibious Assault Ships: USS Peleliu (LHA 5) - 7th Fleet ; USS Bataan (LHD 5) - 5th Fleet; USS Kearsarge (LHD 3) – Atlantic; USS Iwo Jima (LHD 7) – Atlantic; USS Makin Island (LHD 8) - 7th Fleet
Aircraft (operational): 3700+

29. USMC ORGANIZATION

30. Commandant of the Marine Corps
General James Amos
The Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC) is responsible to the Secretary of the Navy for the command, utilization of resources and operating efficiency of the Marine Corps. A member of the JCS, the Commandant of the Marine Corps shall advise the Secretary of the Navy regarding the employment of Marine Corps forces.

31. Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps
Sergeant Major Michael P. Barrett
Performs much the same role as the MCPON but for the CMC (i.e., senior enlisted leader of the Marine Corps and an advisor to the Commandant in matters dealing with enlisted personnel and their families).

32. Current Status of the USMC
Active Duty
Officers: 20,639
Enlisted: 182,147
Selected Reserves: 37,607

33. The Naval Reserve

34. Organization Vice Admiral Robin R. Braun, USN Chief of Navy Reserve
Commander, Navy Reserve Force
Principal adviser to CNO on all Naval Reserve matters

35. The Naval Reserve Mission of the Naval Reserve
Primary: to provide trained units and qualified individuals for active duty in time of war or national emergency
Secondary: to assist active force in accomplishing its peacetime mission as a by-product of training for mobilization

36. Total Force Concept
Includes all the resources available to perform national defense missions. The reserves are an integral and vital portion of the total resources.
Budgetary constraints do not make it feasible to provide for an active force that is capable of handling all contingencies.
It is very important that reserve training is meaningful and mobilization enhancing.
Prior to 1980, the reserves were poorly trained and ill-equipped.

37. History of the Reserves
Revolutionary War fought by civilian soldiers
1915 Congress established a federal Naval Reserve
End of WWII over 3/4 of the 3,220,000 officers and enlisted were reservists

38. History of the Reserves
In the Korean War, 25% of Navy personnel were reservists
In the Vietnam War, six air reserve squadrons and two reserve Seabee Battalions were recalled
In Gulf War and Iraqi Freedom numerous reserve units were recalled

39. Reserve Status
Currently, the Navy Reserve represents 20% of the Navy’s total assets. The Navy Reserve Force consists of the Ready Reserve, the Standby Reserve, and the Retired Reserve, in total numbering nearly 700,000 men and women.
In a number of mission areas, the Naval Reserve maintains a high percentage of the total Navy capability
Ocean mine sweepers 85%
Carrier Airwings 14%
Coastal Warfare 66%
Assault craft units 42%

40. The Naval Reserve Naval Reserve Administration
Elements of the Naval Reserve
Surface reserve
185 reserve centers
Less than 2,000 units, 4% of all commissioned ships
Air reserve
5 Naval Air Reserve wings
33 squadrons, about 6% of the Navy’s aircraft inventory
Other programs
Intelligence, shipbuilding, supply, medical, and legal

41. Naval Reserve Forces
The Naval Reserve is composed of 2 main components, the Ready Reserve and the Standby Reserve.

42. Reserve Manpower Categories
Ready Reserve
Two Branches
Selected Reserve
Individual Ready Reserve
Standby Reserve
Consists of two branches
Standby Reserve-Active
Standby Reserve-Inactive

43. The Naval Reserve Ready Reserve
The structure of the Reserves is based on the Selected Reserves
Commissioned Units: composed of ships, squadrons, and construction battalions; these are delivered to an operation force
Reinforcing Units: augment Regular Navy commissioned units so that combat forces can operate at the highest level of readiness.
Sustaining Units: reinforce fleet and force support activities with trained personnel to provide surge capabilities

44. Selected Reserve (SELRES)
“Core” of the Naval Reserve program
Subject to involuntary recall for war or national emergency or by the President for up to 90 days to support operational requirements
Perform 48 drills and receive 2 weeks training in a pay status each year

45. Reserve Training Regularly scheduled drill Rate training
Officer development
Shipboard simulator: provides hands-on training and communication drills
Reserve unit evolutions: active duty for training
Required for Selected Reserves
Critical to maintain skills

46. Standby Reserve
Subject to Involuntary recall only for war, national emergencies declared by Congress, or when otherwise authorized by law

47. Review CNO? Commandant? MCPON? SGTMAJ USMC? Chief of Naval Reserve?
SECNAV?
Missions of USN?