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What did the Balfour Declaration declare? What does PLO stand for? Who was Iran’s leader from 1979-1989 that set up Islamic law in Iran?
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a. Identify ethnic conflicts and new nationalisms; include pan-Africanism, pan- Arabism, and the conflicts in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Rwanda. c. Analyze terrorism as a form of warfare in the 20th century; include Shining Path, Red Brigade, Hamas, and Al Qaeda; and analyze the impact of terrorism on daily life; include travel, world energy supplies, and financial markets. d. Examine the rise of women as major world leaders; include Golda Meir, Indira Gandhi, and Margaret Thatcher.
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Created in 1980’s Terrorist attacks against Israel Imposed Islamic law Islamic Law: legal system based on Islamic principles and beliefs Took control of Gaza Strip in 2007 Money for Hamas comes from Arab countries such as Saudi Arabia & Iran VideoVideo
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Hamas and PLO have hatred for European countries and the U.S. Hatred comes from: 1. Dishonesty of Great Britain after WWI 2. UN granting land to Israel 3. Foreign countries meddling in Middle East 4. U.S. military and financial support of Israel
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Ayatollah Khomeini: Iran’s leader from 1979- 1989 Set up Islamic law in Iran Ex: Women must wear a veil, banned Western music and alcohol, punishments under Islamic law Hated U.S. and Soviet Union Took over U.S. embassy in Tehran Held 66 U.S. citizens hostage for 1 year
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Former leaders of Afghanistan Extreme version of Islamic Law: 1. Women banned from work 2. Women denied education 3. Destroyed all non-Islamic statues Ex: Destroyed Buddhist statues 100’s of years old Allowed Islamic militants to train and plan terrorist attacks in Afghanistan Ex: Osama Bin Laden Forced out of control by United States after 9/11
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Leader of Al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda: Islamic terrorists responsible for 9-11 attacks on U.S. World Trade Center & Pentagon Blames U.S. and European countries for problems in Middle East Ex: Creation of Israel, Crusades, 1 st Iraq War Responsible for the death of 3,000 Americans Believed to be hiding in the Hindu Kush mountains between Pakistan and Afghanistan
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Changed thoughts on air travel Many airlines went bankrupt Increased U.S. security Creation of Department of Homeland Security Showed small terrorist groups can cause massive damage Sleeper cells: terrorists who blend into a community until time to strike Brought fear to Americans 1 st attack on U.S. soil since Pearl Harbor Changed some U.S. perceptions of Muslims U.S. President Bush began global war on terror Ex: Iraq
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Saddam Hussein: former dictator of Iraq Used Iraq’s oil money to build a large military Wanted to gain more oil around region 1980: attacked Iran 1990: attacked Kuwait Led to Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm
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1. Operation Desert Shield 1990: Hussein invaded Kuwait Kuwait has lots of oil 34 countries led by U.S. push Iraq out of Kuwait 2. Iraq War 2002: U.S. believes Saddam Hussein developing nuclear weapons Hussein denied accusations March 2003: U.S. and Britain attack Iraq Government fell in 4 weeks videovideo
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Caught 13 December 2003
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July 2003: U.S. troops find Hussein in underground bunker Hussein tried by Iraq jury and hanged Religious factions and anti-American terrorists still fighting for control of Iraq Ex: Kurds, Sunnis, Shiites, al-Qaeda, PLO, Hamas video video
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