1. Conservation December 3, 2013

2. Page  2 Announcements  Due next class (12/5) –Technology Paper –Article Log (14 articles)  Alternate HW assignment due Friday  Final Exam 12/16 2pm

3. Page  3 Seminars  Tariq Samad, Honeywell –Today, right after class in this room –Topic: Smart Grids  Stu Van Scoyoc, Van Scoyoc & Associates –Thursday (12/5), right after class in this room –Topic: Engineering roles in policy making

4. Page  4 Last Year’s Test Question  The fraction of U.S. electricity produced from nuclear power is approximately the same as it was 30 years ago even though overall electricity consumption has grown considerably. Explain why this fraction has remained unchanged.

5. Page  5 Nuclear Power Production

6. Page  6 U.S. Nuclear Industry Capacity Factors 1971 – 2011, Percent Source: Energy Information Administration Updated: 3/12

7. Page  7 Energy Conservation  The Department of Energy has an Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy  Usage of “Energy Conservation” over time

8. Page  8 Energy Conservation Measures  homeowner spends $1400/yr on energy -45% heating and cooling -11% hot water -10% washer/dryer -7% lighting  fluorescent light bulbs  tankless hot water heater (gas vs. electric)  front loading washing machine  improved, more efficient refrigerator  energy efficient A/C (78 o F in summer, 68 o F in winter)  digital thermostat use (internet-enabled)  www.austinenergy.com energy calculator www.austinenergy.com  shade trees reduce A/C use 2-8%  see also www.eere.energy.gov/consumer and http://energystar.govwww.eere.energy.gov/consumer

9. Page  9 Vending Machines  power down lights and motors using activity sensors  save 40% of energy in soft drink machines ($100 per year per machine)

10. Page  10 Walmart Energy Measures (McKinney, TX)  photovoltaic solar panels over the length of storefront  120 ft tall wind turbine (5% of store’s energy)  rainwater harvesting system  tubing around frozen food section recycles the hot air generated by refrigerants

11. Page  11  low hanging ductwork cuts electricity costs by cooling bottom half of store  cooking oil (deli) and engine oil are recycled to heat the building  store lighting uses LED bulbs rather than fluorescent strips Walmart Energy Measures (McKinney, TX)

12. Page  12 Walmart Energy Measures (McKinney, TX)

13. Page  13 The Energy Water Nexus

14. Page  14 Energy and Food

15. Page  15 Energy and Food Source: New York Times, January 27, 2008

16. Page  16 Food Conservation = Energy Conservation

17. Page  17 How to make a zero energy house? Turn off electric power and gas

18. Page  18

19. Page  19 2001 Energy Conservation Policy (Negawatts vs. Megawatts) Vice-President Dick Cheney (April, 2001) previewed the Bush Administration’s energy policy and rejected conservation as a major part of the solution to the current energy crisis. His plans focused almost exclusively on boosting domestic oil sources, building refineries, and laying natural gas pipelines. Conservation, Cheney said, “is not a sufficient basis all by itself, for a sound, comprehensive energy policy.” Moreover, he added, “the government shouldn’t step in to force Americans to consume less energy.”

20. Page  20 Conservation Questions 1.Why do we use energy? 2.Why should we conserve energy? 3.What is energy conservation? 4.How should energy conservation happen?

21. Page  21 Life cycle assessment (LCA)  Broad class of methods that aim to quantify the direct and indirect effects of a process or a product  The goal is to gain insight into important processes that go into a product or process that would otherwise be ignored by focusing on the product or process itself

22. Page  22 LCA Example: Electric vs. Gasoline Cars Electric car Gasoline car No emissions CO 2,NO x,PM Process or “direct” scale Coal fired electricity Electricity distribution Coal mining Crude oil refining Fuel transportation Crude oil extraction Emissions Life cycle or “indirect” scale

23. Page  23 OptionAnnual Energy Saved (BTU/yr) – U.S. Mass transit20 x 10 15 Fuel efficient auto9 x 10 15 Insulation3.5 x 10 15 Efficient lighting3 x 10 15 Efficient heating/cooling3 x 10 15 Efficient appliances1 x 10 15 Telecommute1 x 10 15 Standby power1 x 10 15 Total42 x 10 15 Energy Saving Suggestions (from An Inconvenient Truth )

24. Page  24 Interactions of Conservation Measures  What is the impact of switching light bulbs from incandescent to LED?  What is the impact of planting a shade tree?  What is the impact of switching to a more fuel efficient vehicle?  What is the impact of telecommuting?