1. Everything that is not matter.

2. Think of all the ways this word is used… o.0?

3.  Energy is the capacity to do work. ◦ In chemistry, energy is most commonly used to do the work necessary to change the temperature of a substance.  Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance.  All matter is made of atoms which are constantly in motion.  The higher the temperature of a substance, the more energy its particles have, and the faster they move.  What happens when particles of higher energy (higher temperature) bump into particles of lower energy (lower temperature)?

4.  When two substances have different temperatures, energy flows between them. ◦ We call this energy heat. ◦ Heat ALWAYS flows from hot to cold.  The new temperature will be the average of the two original temperatures: T ave = ½(T 1 + T 2 )  Chemistry often involves the transfer of heat. ◦ When a process results in the evolution of heat, it is said to be exothermic. ◦ When a process results in the absorption of heat, it is said to be endothermic.

5. How?

6.  Units of Heat Energy are calories. ◦ Just like units of length are meters.  A calorie is the amount of heat energy required to raise 1 g of water by 1°C. ◦ The calorie is a metric unit of measure. ◦ The abbreviation is cal  The SI unit of heat energy is the joule. ◦ The abbreviation is J  The equivalency statement between joules and calories is: 1cal = 4.184 J exactly ◦ This can be used as a conversion factor between the two units.

7. Does all matter hold the same amount of heat?

8.  The Specific Heat Capacity of a substance is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of that substance 1°C. ◦ Specific Heat Capacity is a physical property. ◦ Every substance has its own unique specific heat capacity.  Some stuff heats up easily, and has a low value for specific heat capacity, like gold.  Some stuff takes a lot of energy to heat up, so it has a high value for specific heat capacity, like water. ◦ Why is it good that the specific heat capacity of water is so high?

9.  Q = Energy or heat required  m = mass of the sample  C = specific heat capacity  ΔT = the change in temperature ◦ ΔT = T f -T i = final temp – initial temp  This equation can be used to find any of the variables above as long as the rest are known.