1. hydroelectric power Alternative Energy

2. Hydroelectric power Hydroelectric power is generated by capturing energy from moving water. The gravitational potential energy stored in water transforms into kinetic energy as it moves downhill (flows). 24% of the world’s electricity Worldwide 70% of all renewable electricity in United States

3. Energy Flow Diagram

4. hydroelectric schemes Water stored in lakes Water stored in large reservoirs high up as feasible Tidal water storage Traps water at high tides and releases it during low tides Pump storage Water is pumped from a low reservoir to high reservoir

5. History B.C.: Used by the Greeks to turn water wheels for grinding wheat into flour Mid-1770s: French hydraulic and military engineer Bernard Forest de Bélidor wrote Architecture Hydraulique 1880: A brush arc light dynamo driven by a water turbine 1881: A brush dynamo connected to a turbine 1882: World’s first hydropower plant Watermill of Braine-le-Château, Belgium (12th century)Braine-le-Château High-Current Copper-Brush Commutated Dynamo

6. Water stored in lakes

7. Water Cycle

8. Turbine

9. Generator

10. Transmitting Power

11. Grand Coulee Dam

12. Tidal Water Storage

13. Rance Tidal Power Station

14. Pump Storage

15. Ffestiniog Pumped Storage

16. Conservation of Energy mgh=1/2mv^2 Power=energy transferred/time (Watt= Js^-1) Power (in watt) = mgh/1s Amount of available power Physics Behind

17. Efficiency 1848 James B. Francis, created turbine with 90% efficiency Tidal power plants have around 85% efficiency Pump power plants have negative efficiency

18. Current Status 24% of world’s electricity 675,000MW produced 3.6 billion barrels of oil

19. Advantages Low Power Cost Reduces CO2 Emission Other uses of the reservoir Renewable

20. News

21. disadvantages Ecosystem damage and loss of land Siltation and flow shortage Methane emission (from reservoirs) Failure risk

22. News

23. Advancements Fish Friendly Turbine EPRI, Alden Laboratories Pathway in the middle of the turbine

24. Advancements Hydroelectric Footwear Robert Komarechka moving liquid turns a turbine blade micro turbines will generate enough electricity to power almost any gadgets

25. Conclusion The hydroelectric power generates electricity by changing potential energy into kinetic energy Had advantages and disadvantages Continuous researches are done both in micro and macro scale due to it’s high efficiency It can be applied in micro scale, such as creating energy at household using hydropower

26. Citation "History of Hydropower." Water Power Program:. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2013. "Hydroelectic Power - How It Works." YouTube. YouTube, 18 Sept. 2007. Web. 21 May 2013. "Swcphysics30." Swcphysics30. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2013. "All About Hydropower Energy." What Is Hydropower Energy? N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2013. "Do the Math." Do the Math. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2013. "Energy Resources: Tidal Power." Energy Resources: Tidal Power. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2013. "How Efficient Are Hydroelectric Dams?" Renewable Energy Index. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2013. "How Efficient Is Tidal Power?" Renewable Energy Index. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2013. "Energy.gov." Energy.gov. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2013.