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Marine Invertebrates (Part 2)
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Molluscs Phylum Mollusca Numerous, diverse (200,000 species) Soft body covered by mantle (secretes calcium carbonate shell) Muscular foot – locomotion Some have radula – scraping teeth http://www.jaxshells.org/rad2.jpghttp://www.pirx.com/gallery/albums/mollusks/radula.jpg
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Molluscs Classes: Bivalvia (clams, mussels, oysters) Gastropoda (snails, slugs, pteropods) Cephalopoda (octopi, squid, cuttlefish) Polyplacophora (chitons) Scaphopoda (tusk shells)
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Bivalves http://www.manandmollusc.net/lesson_plan_anatomy_files/bivalve_anatomy_lab.html http://www.nationalpark-hamburgisches-wattenmeer.de/1ueber/images/galerie/1-5-3Mya%20arenaria%20-%20Sandklaffmuschel-4x6-300dpi.jpg Anatomy
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Bivalves http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Fine_sea_silk_threads.JPG/800px-Fine_sea_silk_threads.JPG http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Mytilus_with_byssus.jpg/400px-Mytilus_with_byssus.jpg Byssal threads
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Long Island Bivalves Stony Brook Univ.-Flax Pond Digital Library Ribbed mussel (Geukensia demissa) Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Razor clam (Ensis directus)Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) http://www.sportesport.it/images/Biology/Shells/Bivalvia/Mytilidae/mytilusEdulis.jpg Hard shell clam / Quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) Soft shell clam (Mya arenaria) http://media-2.web.britannica.com//eb-media/63/12863-004-C2459C57.jpg Bay scallop (Argopecten irradians)
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Bivalves http://www.lisrc.uconn.edu/lis_uwtour/images/Grass/LIS_0301.jpg
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Gastropods http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/hughes2001/acct/bmounmanivong/T629043A.gif Anatomy
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Long Island Gastropods http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/szep/Littorina Periwinkle (Littorina littorea) Mud snail (Ilyanassa obsoleta) Slipper shell (Crepidula fornicata) http://academics.smcvt.edu/dfacey/AquaticBiology/Coastal%20Images/Slipper%20Limpet.jpg http://www.duke.edu/~jspippen/mollusca/knobbedwhelkeggs081106-2063obxz.jpg http://www.geo.hunter.cuny.edu/bight/images/aknobbed.jpg Knobbed whelk (Busycon carica)
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Long Island Gastropods http://static.flickr.com/55/143533735_7c7364be45.jpg?v=0 Northern moon snail (Lunatia heros) Atlantic oyster drill (Urosalpinx cinerea) http://www.jaxshells.org/509j.jpghttp://img263.imageshack.us/img263/6879/drillholexi4.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_LzKM5z0wSb4/Rv9qstHEkNI/AAAAAAAAAbg/vVpitbx7suI/s400/IMG_1837.JPG
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Gastropods http://eebweb.arizona.edu/collections/Fishes/Invertebrate%20Slide%20Photos/Invertebrate%20Photos/Abalone%201.jpg http://chemistry.csudh.edu/faculty/jim/cozaugo4-600/flamingo.jpg
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Gastropods – Nudibranchs, Pteropods NOAA
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Gastropods and Bivalves http://people.bu.edu/veliger/http://oceanlink.island.net/abaloneproject/growthanddevelopment/growth%20and%20development.htm http://score.dnr.sc.gov/ktmlpro10/images/uploads/oysterlifecycle.jpg?0.40941442132799155 Larval development
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Cephalopods http://www.narimadiving.com/LargeAssets/ReefInfoLargeAssets/Cuttlefish.jpg NOAA Octopus, squid, cuttlefish, nautilus
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Cephalopods http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/images/Image32.gif Anatomy http://scienceblogs.com/deepseanews/beak1.jpg
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Cephalopods Body evolved for active predation Use funnel for jet propulsion http://www.squidblog.net/uploads/squid_jet_diagram.gifhttp://www.mbari.org/news/homepage/2004/loligo_close_350.jpg
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Cephalopods Complex nervous system: Eyes Chromatophores http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2164/2063362784_62cb783803.jpg?v=1196017772
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Cephalopods http://www.mbl.edu/inside/what/news/features/feature_cuttlefish.html Cuttlefish camouflage Sees contrast (dark/light), but not colors Patterns controlled by chromatophore cells
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Cephalopods Reproduction – Internal fertilization Yolk-filled eggs, no larval stage http://www.mbari.org/news/homepage/2006/brooding-squid2-350.jpg http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/05/sci_nat_enl_1134642780/img/1.jpg
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Marine mammals & squid: http://www.wanghome.net/Pictures/2004/040603_New_York_City/15_museum_of_natural_history_squid_sperm_whale_1024.JPG http://squid.us/wp-content/uploads/archie.jpg Cephalopods
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Live giant and colossal squid: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/12/images/061222-giant-squid.jpg Cephalopods http://www.fish.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/836B96BF-12FE-417D-AB49-4B46B2DB8729/0/ColossalSquid.jpg http://tepapa.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/arm-006.jpg http://museumvictoria.com.au/treasures/Images/resources/mn013596_lg.jpg Giant (up to 13m/43 ft) Colossal (up to 14m/46 ft) →
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Other deep water: Cephalopods http://www.mbari.org/data/info/grimpo.jpghttp://www.darkroastedblend.com/2009/02/awesome-octopi-cephalopods-from-outer.html
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Other unusual: Cephalopods http://www.darkroastedblend.com/2009/02/awesome-octopi-cephalopods-from-outer.html
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Chitons, Scaphopods http://clade.acnatsci.org/mussel/graphics/about/scaphopod.jpg
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Arthropods Phylum Arthropoda Numerous, diverse (1 million+ species) Mostly insects (land, freshwater) In oceans – mostly crustaceans
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Arthropods Segmented body Jointed apendages Hard external skeleton (chitin) Must molt skeleton to grow Gills, most marine have blood with hemocyanin (blue)
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Arthropods Subphylum Crustacea Copepods, amphipods, isopods Ostracods, barnacles Krill, shrimp, lobsters, crabs Subphylum Chelicerata Horseshoe crabs, spiders Subphylum Uniramia Insects, Centipedes
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Crustaceans
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Small Crustaceans - Copepods http://www.whoi.edu/cms/images/oceanus/2006/7/8_27627.jpg http://www.hudsonregional.org/mosquito/images/copepod.jpg http://forum.mikroscopia.com/uploads/post-3-1158151927.jpg
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Small Crustaceans - Amphipods http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/gallery/livingocean/livingocean.htmlhttp://www.newsday.com/media/photo/2004-01/11151650.jpg http://nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/crustacea/Amphipoda/AAA013a.jpghttp://www.beachwatchers.wsu.edu/ezidweb/animals/images/traskorchestia2jh.jpg
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Small Crustaceans – Ostracods, Isopods http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/gallery/livingocean/livingocean.html http://nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/crustacea/Ostracoda/DSCF0052b.jpghttp://www.abc.net.au/science/news/img/environment/bigisopod.jpg
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Small Crustaceans - Krill http://images.aad.gov.au/img.py/174a.jpg?width=640&height=480 http://www.mar-eco.no/learning-zone/__data/page/93/Krill3.jpghttp://jonbowermaster.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/kaikoura-krill-520783-sw.jpg
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Crustaceans – Barnacles http://www.mbari.org/expeditions/EasterMicroplate/images/Barnacles_640.jpg http://nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/crustacea/Cirripedia/DSC_0761b.jpg http://nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/crustacea/Cirripedia/DSCF0015a.jpg
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Decapods – Shrimp http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htmhttp://www.ucs.louisiana.edu/~rtb6933/shrimp/rima_con.JPG
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Decapods – Lobsters http://www.vifishandwildlife.com/Education/FactSheet/Images/Lobster.jpghttp://marlin.bio.umass.edu/biology/kunkel/fish/albatross-iv/al0203/P0005812a.JPG http://www.teridanielsbooks.com/States/Hawaii/Hawaii,%20underwater,%20coral,%20reef,%20slipper,%20lobster,.jpg Northern lobster (Homarus americanus)
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Decapods – Lobsters Newsday 08/08/10
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Decapods – Crabs http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htm http://www.ceh.ac.uk/sections/ed/images/Giantspidercrab.jpg http://www.californiabiota.com/cabiota/pacific_mole_crab.htm Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) Mole crab (Emerita talpoida) Fiddler crab (Uca sp.)
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Other Crustaceans http://www.wfu.edu/biology/faculty/brownera/artemia.jpg Brine shrimp Artemia (“sea monkeys”) Mantis shrimp (Stomatopod) http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/malacostraca/eumalacostraca/royslist/images/g_falcatus4.jpg
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http://www.divephotoguide.com/img/user_galleries/orig/2999_1222523836.jpg http://www.dfw.state.or.us/mrp/shellfish/commercial/largeimages/dungeness-with-eggs_ODFW.jpg Crustaceans Egg brooding
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Crustaceans Most benthic adults have planktonic larvae http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htm http://www.science-in-salamanca.tas.csiro.au/themes/larval/phyllosoma-early.htm
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Chelicerates Horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) http://www.jaxshells.org/1124rra.htm
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Chelicerates http://www-tc.pbs.org/wnet/wp-content/blogs.dir/3/files/2008/06/590_crash_blood.jpg Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) Compound causes blood to clot when exposed to bacterial endotoxins Used to test that drugs and surgical devices are free of contamination Quart of blue blood worth $15,000, multimillion $$ industry
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Chelicerates Sea spiders (Pycnogonids) http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htmhttp://www.seaslugforum.net/images/030248a.jpghttp://www.earthlife.net/chelicerata/images/others/pantopoda.jpg
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