1. Blood Types Ch. 19-2

2. Blood Types Blood cells have surface markers called antigens ABO Blood Group – RBC with A antigens – A blood type – RBC with B antigens – B blood type – RBC with A and B antigens – AB blood type – RBC with no antigens – O blood type

3. Blood Types Blood plasma contains proteins called antibodies Antibodies will react with antigens if mixed – Type A blood – A antigens, anti-B antibodies – Type B blood – B antigens, anti-A antibodies – Type AB blood – A and B antigens, no antibodies – Type O blood – no antigens, anti-A and anti-B antibodies

4. Blood Types

5. Transfusions Transfusion – transfer of whole blood or blood components (RBC or plasma) Agglutination – clumping of RBCs, hemolysis occurs, kidney damage and death can result – This only causes problems between recipient antibodies and donor antigens – Donor antibodies become diluted in blood plasma Example – (recipient) A person receives blood from (donor) B person – Recipients blood contains anti-B antibodies – Donor’s blood contains B antigens – Antigen/antibody complex forms

6. Who can donate/receive to/from who?

7. Rh Blood Group Antigen was discovered in the rhesus monkey Rh+ people have the Rh antigen, Rh- people do not have the Rh antigen People do not naturally have anti-Rh antibodies If Rh- person receives blood from Rh+ person, immune system will make anti-Rh antibodies If they receive Rh+ blood again, the anti-Rh antibodies will cause agglutination

8. Who can donate/receive to/from who? + should not be given to – + can receive + or – - can give to + or – Universal donor – O- Universal recipient – AB+

9. Hemolytic Disease of Newborn (HDN) Fetal blood can cross placenta into maternal blood stream If baby is Rh+ and mother is Rh-, mother’s immune system starts making anti-Rh antibodies During the next pregnancy the antibodies can cross into the fetal blood If the second fetus is Rh+, agglutination can occur

10. HDN

11. Review of Inheritance Blood type Punnett squares Rh Punnett squares – Rh+ is dominant to Rh- – Rh+ could have Rh+/Rh+ – Rh + could have Rh+/Rh- – Rh- must be Rh-/Rh-