1. Unit 4-Weather
13.1 & A Closer Look at the Earth and Why we have Seasons
BLM 13.1A
Quick Review Question Sheet

2. Weather and Climate (Q3)
Weather… What is It?
Day to day environmental conditions
Examples:
Rainy / snowy
cloudy / sunny
Windy / calm
Climate
Environmental condition averaged over many years
Average rainfall
Average daily temperature

3. Weather and Climate Variable used to describe weather and climate:
Temperature
Wind Speed and Direction
Visibility
Cloud cover
Atmospheric Pressure
Dew Point
Humidity

4. Formation of Weather and Climate
Now some questions for you to think about… I’ll read the question to you and then ask you what the first thing is you think about…
Now that you know what weather is can you tell me if the weather is the same here as it is in St. John? Why not?
Geographically, how is St.John different than Fredericton?
Would any of these geographical features affect the weather in that area? If so which ones and how?
Here are the facts:
Components that influence weather and climate include:
Latitude and Longitude
Atmosphere
Oceans
Land Masses

5. Science 10 – Oct. 4th
What is something you’ve always wondered about weather?
A saying
How a weather phenomena works or is formed?

7. Influences on Weather and Climate and Latitude/Longitude (Q1)
Components that influence weather and climate include:
Latitude and Longitude
Atmosphere (later)
Oceans (later)
Land Masses (later)
Lat & Long

8. Longitude (Meridians) (Q4)
Angle of measure east or west of the Prime Meridian
Imaginary vertical lines
Label on Your Map
Prime Meridian 0o (Greenwich, England)
International Dateline 180o

9. Latitude (Parallels) (Q5,6,7)
Angle of measure north or south of the Equator
Imaginary horizontal lines
Label on Your Map:
(BLM 13.1A)
Equator 0o
North Pole 90oN
South Pole 90oS
Arctic Circle 67.5oN
Antarctic Circle 67.5oS
Tropic of Cancer 23.5oN
Tropic of Capricorn 23.5oS

10. Earth’s Rotation and Revolution
Rotation (24 hours)
The Earth rotates on its axis
The axis (imaginary line) runs North to South
23.5o angle
One Earth rotation takes one day
Rotate East to West
Revolution (365 Days)
The Earth revolves around the Sun
The movement of one object traveling around another
It takes the earth one year to revolve (travel) around the Sun counter clockwise
Any ideas as to how earth’s tilt towards or away from the sun can effect the 4 season’s we experience here in Canada??

11. Bill Nye: Seasons Handout: Seasons Worksheet (24 min)

12. Reason for the Seasons
The average tilt, 23.5o, of the Earth is the reason for the seasons)
As the Earth revolves around the Sun, the seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres are opposite.

13. Earth North Pole Equator South Pole Earth’s Seasons
Tilt of the Earth’s axis towards or away from the sun creates the seasons
When the north pole tilts toward the sun, it gets more radiation – more warmth
during the summer
SUMMER (Northern Hemisphere)
North Pole
Equator
Earth
When the north pole tilts toward the sun, the south pole tilts away
So when it’s summer in the north,
it’s winter in the south
South Pole
WINTER (Southern Hemisphere)

14. Earth North Pole Equator South Pole Earth’s Seasons
Tilt of the Earth’s axis towards or away from the sun creates the seasons
WINTER (Northern Hemisphere)
When the north pole tilts away
from the sun, it gets less radiation –
So it’s colder during the winter
North Pole
Equator
Earth
South Pole
When the north pole tilts away from the sun, the south pole tilts toward it…
When it’s winter in the north,
it’s summer in the south
SUMMER (Southern Hemisphere)

15. Reason for the Season Video: Answer Key
1. What does the term axis mean?
A. Axis is an imaginary line that runs through the North and South poles of the Earth. The earth spins on it at a 23.5o angle.
2. What is the angle of tilt for the earth’s axis?
A. 23.5o
3. How long does it take the earth to spin or rotate on its axis?
A. 24 hours
4. How long does it take the earth to orbit or revolve around the sun once?
A. 365 ¼ days
5. What are those seasons?
A. Autumn, spring, winter, summer

16. Reason for the Season: Answer Key
6. Why is the angle of rays of sunlight so important in determining the amount of energy collected by the earth?
A. Slanted rays spread out over a larger area therefore the heat and energy is also spread out.
7. What does the term migration mean?
A. Animals moving from one point of the country or world to another during certain seasons.
8. Plants are the only organisms capable of making their own food. That food making process is called:
A. Photosynthesis
9. Plants produce more than food. One gas that plants release into the air is used by animals. It is called:
A. Oxygen
10. What is the average distance of the earth from the Sun?
A. 93 million miles

17. Reason for the Season: The Earth’s Tilt
1. Why is the tilt of the earth the cause for the seasons?
A. Seasons are not connected to Earth's distance from the Sun - our northern winter takes place when the Earth is actually closest to the Sun - but due to the fact that the Earth's axis is tilted away perpendicular to the ecliptic, winter takes place.
The greater the angle, the less energy transferred.

18. Reason for the Season: The Earth’s Tilt
Q2. The North pole and South Pole each have long periods of complete sunlight and complete darkness. Why?
A. When the Earth is tilted away from the Sun, the North Pole has no Sun for about 6 months. During the same time, the South Pole is pointed toward the Sun and receives nothing but Sun.
NEXT… What is wind? And how is it formed…

19. Mapping Activity Short Worksheet –
Part A: students to determine latitude and longitude of a location
Part B: students to determine location based on latitude and longitude.