1. CHAPTER 13
THE RISE OF
MASS DEMOCRACY

2. End of the Era of Good Feelings Caused by two things: James Monroe
The Panic of 1819
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
James Monroe

3. ELECTION OF 1824 John Quincy Adams Henry Clay Andrew Jackson
William Crawford
All four candidates professed to be Republicans!
No one candidate got enough electoral vote
John C. Calhoun
John C. Calhoun on two tickets as VP
Andrew Jackson got the most votes and the most popular vote--sounds like he should be President??
Henry Clay (Speaker of the House of Rep. gets support for Adams
Adams elected President and a few days later Clay announced as his Secretary of State
Jackson’s supporters angry and felt election was stolen--claim a “corrupt bargain”

4. “I am a man of reserved, cold, austere, and forbidden manners”
JOHN Q. ADAMS
John Q. Adams known as “Old Man Eloquent”
One of the most successful Secretary’s of State, yet least successful President
Was a “minority president” which made it difficult for him to gain any support for his programs
During his time, turn of America from nationalism towards state’s rights and sectionalism
Many of his programs were not liked by the West
“I am a man of reserved, cold, austere,
and forbidden manners”

5. “Revolution of the Common Man”
ELECTION OF 1828
John Q. Adams
Andrew Jackson
“Revolution of the Common Man”
Republican Party split into National Republicans (Adams) and the Democratic-Republicans (Jackson)
Mudslinging and very nasty campaign
Rachel Jackson
Hello children…
The Hermitage
“King Mob”
“Old Hickory”

6. THE SPOILS SYSTEM James A. Garfield “To the victor belong the spoils”
Spoils System is the rewarding of jobs to political supporters
Andrew Jackson believed in the Spoils System
Jackson brought the spoils system to the National level
Believed in “rotation in office” or “turnabout is fair play”
Under Jackson, people who were illiterate or crooks got govt jobs
“To the victor belong the spoils”
James A. Garfield
The Spoils System gets worse and worse…until James A. Garfield is assassinated because he didn’t give a job to someone and they were extremely upset!!!
“I never did think too much of man who
could only think of one way to spell a word”

7. TARIFF OF 1828 Nicknames for Tariff Southern Response?
Highest tariff up to this time in history--higher than the Tariff of 1816
Protected manufacturing and factories
The South hated it--the North loved it
Was passed to make JQ Adams look bad
Supported tariff
Opposed tariff
John C. Calhoun
Daniel Webster
Nicknames for Tariff
Southern Response?
South hated the tariff because they felt it discriminated against them
Also worried about states rights
Tariff of Abominations
Black Tariff

8. TARIFF OF 1828
South Carolina was the main leader against the Tariff of Abominations
Writes the South Carolina Exposition and Protest
Secretly written by John C. Calhoun in opposition to tariff
Said that the states had the right to declare the tariff null, void, and unconstitutional within its borders
No southern states joined S. Carolina in declaring the Tariff of 1828 null and void
“Nullies”
John C. Calhoun

9. ANDREW JACKSON’S RESPONSE
Jackson was not a supporter of tariff, but was of union
Began preparing an army to go to South Carolina
“I will hang the first man by the first tree I see”
Henry Clay will offer a compromise Tariff of 1833
FORCE BILL
Authorized the President to use the military if needed
South called it “Bloody Bill”
South Carolina repealed “nullification” of Tariff
But, they “nullified” the Force Bill!!!!!

10. WEBSTER-HAYNE DEBATE “Liberty and Union, Now and forever,
Famous debate that occurred in 1830
Robert Hayne was a good orator from the South
Daniel Webster was a good speaker from the North
Debate started on the sale of public lands and after 9 days it was really about Union versus States’ rights
Brought tears to the eyes of listeners
“Liberty and Union, Now and forever,
one and inseparable--Daniel Webster
“Our Union it must be preserved--Andrew Jackson
“The Union, next to our liberty, most dear”--Calhoun
Daniel Webster
Robert Hayne
WEBSTER-HAYNE DEBATE

11. Native Americans who refused to leave:
TRAIL OF TEARS
Trail of Tears was a mass movement of Indian groups from south to reservations in Ok.
Jackson wanted to move Indians
Cherokee’s went to Supreme Court in Worchester v. Georgia
Marshall court ruled in favor of Indians
Native Americans who refused to leave:
Black Hawk--Indian up North who fought against eviction
Osceola--leader of Seminoles who fought eviction for 7 years; many stayed and hid in the Everglades
5 Civilized Tribes
Cherokees
Creeks
Choctaws
Chickasaws
Seminoles
“John Marshall has made his decision,now let him enforce it”
-Andrew Jackson

12. “The Bank is trying to kill me…but I will kill it”
BANK OF THE US
President Jackson disliked the Bank of the United States
Jackson felt the Bank was monopolistic and wanted to destroy it
People of the West didn’t like the Bank either
Henry Clay and Daniel Webster attempt to recharter Bank early to make Jackson look bad
Starts battle over bank!!
Czar Nicholas
Pet Banks
McCulloch v. Maryland
State banks that Jackson put federal govt money into
Declared the Bank of the United States CONSTITUTIONAL
Head of the Bank of the United States
Law that said all land purchases had to be in hard currency
Specie Circular
“The Bank is trying to kill me…but I will kill it”

13. ELECTION OF 1832 Winner: Jackson
ANDREW JACKSON
HENRY CLAY
First election to have a third party involved called the Anti-Masonic Party
First election to have a nominating convention to choose candidates
First election to have party platforms
Winner: Jackson

14. THE WHIG PARTY Formed in opposition to Andrew Jackson
Called Andrew Jackson “King Andrew”

15. ELECTION OF 1836 WHIGS? Martin Van Buren “Little Magician”
“Wizard of Albany”
Divorce Bill
Bill that “divorced” the government from banking altogether
Hand picked successor to Andrew Jackson
Not very popular; had all Jackson’s enemies

16. ANDREW JACKSON’S LEGACY
Boosted the power of the Executive Branch
Led common man into national politics
Created powerful Democratic party
Helped set up the 2 party system
ANDREW JACKSON’S LEGACY

17. TEXAS GTT Moses Austin Stephen Austin
Texas belonged to Spanish who wanted to populate the area but was having trouble
Moses Austin
Moses Austin got rights to land to populate with American families
Moses Austin dies and land is taken over by son Stephen Austin
Settlers in Texas refuse to abide by Mexican rules and declare their independence
Stephen Austin
GTT

18. “I shall never surrender or retreat…victory or death”
BATTLE OF THE ALAMO
Battle for Texas independence
Less than 200 Texans at the Alamo
Mexican leader at the Alamo
Took 13 days to take the Alamo
Installed as governor of free Texas
Sam Houston
Santa Anna
Famous People?
“I shall never surrender or retreat…victory or death”
William Travis
James Bowie
Davy Crockett

19. 3 Battles for Texas Independence
SAN JACINTO
Last battle for Texas independence
Sam Houston and troops took advantage of Mexican siesta
Captured Santa Anna who signed treaty giving Texas independence
Border was Rio Grande
We released Santa Anna and he repudiated the whole agreement as illegal b/c it was extorted under duress!!!
3 Battles for Texas Independence
The Alamo
Goliad
San Jacinto
Texas will not become a state until 1845 because of slavery issue!!!
28th state--the Lonestar State
First Governor will be Sam Houston

20. “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too
ELECTION OF 1840
Martin Van Buren
William H. Harrison
Only real candidate Democrats had
Known for battles of Tippecanoe and Thames
Chose John Tyler as his VP
Whigs published no platform
Adopted hard cider and log cabins of symbols of their campaign
Said Van Buren was “aristocratic”
WINNER
“Tippecanoe and Tyler Too
DEMOCRAT
WHIGS