1. Disruptive Demographics: Implications for Business, Workforce Development, and Consumer Markets October 2013 James H. Johnson, Jr. Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise Kenan-Flagler Business School University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

2. OVERVIEW Demographic Trends Challenges & Opportunities Discussion

3. what October 2013 CENSUS 2010 will REVEAL

4. 6 DISRUPTIVE TRENDS The South Rises – Again The Browning of America Marrying Out is “In” The Silver Tsunami is About to Hit The End of Men? Cooling Water from Grandma’s Well… and Grandpa’s Too!

5. The South Continues To Rise The South Continues To Rise...Again!

6. SOUTH’S SHARE OF U.S. NET POPULATION GROWTH, SELECTED YEARS, 1910-2010 Years U.S. Absolute Population Change South’s Absolute Population Change South’s Share of Change 1910-193030,974,129 8,468,30327% 1930-195028,123,138 9,339,45533% 1950-197051,886,12815,598,27930% 1970-199045,497,94722,650,56350% 1990-201060,035,66529,104,81449%

7. U.S. POPULATION CHANGE BY REGION, 2000-2010 Region 2010 Population Absolute Population Change, 2000-2010 Percent Population Change, 2000-2010 U.S.309,050,81626,884,9729.5% Northeast55,417,3111,753,9783.3% Midwest66,972,8872,480,9983.0% South114,555,74414,318,92414.3% West72,256,1838,774,85213.8%

8. SHARES OF NET POPULATION GROWTH BY REGION, 2000-2010 Region Absolute Population ChangePercent of Total UNITED STATES26,884,972100.0 NORTHEAST1,753,978 6.0 MIDWEST2,480,998 9.0 SOUTH14,318,92453.0 WEST8,774,85232.0

9. NET MIGRATION TRENDS, 2000-2008 NortheastMidwestSouthWest Total-1,032-2,008+2,287+46 Black-346-71+376 +41 Hispanic-292-109+520-117 Elderly-115+42+97-27 Foreign born-147-3+145+3 = Net Import= Net Export

10. STATE SHARE OF SOUTH’S NET GROWTH, 2000-2010 Region/StateAbsolute ChangeState’s Share The South14,318,924100.0% Texas 4,293,741 30.0% Florida 2,818,932 19.7% Georgia 1,501,200 10.5% North Carolina 1,486,170 10.4% Other Southern States 4,218,881 29.4%

12. Population Change in Florida and Northwest Florida, 2000-2010 Area2010 Population Absolute Population Change 2000-2010 Percent Population Change 2000-2010 Florida 18,801,3102,818,93217.6% Gulf Power Service Area 978,765 94,65510.7% Florida Great Northwest Region 1,366,092 143,60011.7%

13. GROSS AND NET MIGRATION FOR THE SOUTH, 2004-2010 The Region DomesticForeign YearsInOutNetInOutNet 2004-20074,125,0963,470,431654,665268,619132,382136,237 2007-20103,874,4143,477,899396,525232,501132,201100,300 Florida DomesticForeign YearsInOutNetInOutNet 2004-2007812,053630,051182,00241,74524,10817,637 2007-2010654,931668,087-13,15633,09532,0941,001

14. Balance of Population Change Equation Population Change = In-Flows – Out- Flows where In-flows = [Births + In-Migrants] & Out-Flows =[Deaths + Out-Migrants]

15. Typology of Communities Demographic ExperienceDrivers Balanced GrowthBirths exceed deaths and in-migration exceeds out- migration. Natural GrowthOut-migration exceeds in-migration but this population loss is offset by an excess of births over deaths. Migration MagnetsDeaths exceed births but population loss is averted because in-migration exceeds out-migration. DyingDeaths exceed births and out-migration exceeds in- migration, resulting in population loss. Biologically DecliningIn-migration exceeds out-migration but his net migration is not substantial enough to offset an excess of deaths over births Emptying OutBirths exceed deaths but out-migration exceeds in- migration, resulting in net population loss

16. Types of Communities in Florida Great Northwest Region Type of CommunityNumber Balanced Growth 7 Natural Growth 1 Migration Magnet 1 Emptying Out 2 Dying 4 Biologically Declining 1

17. Balanced Growth Counties, 2010- 2012 CountyTotal Population Change Natural Change Net Migration Bay3,0511,2291,824 Calhoun 98 7 60 Escambia5,0961,9133,288 Okaloosa9,2612,3926,820 Santa Rosa7,1401,3825,688 Walton2,539 2722,224 Leon8,2823,0885,196

18. Natural Growth Communities, 2010- 2012 CountyTotal Population Change Natural Change Net Migration Wakulla42 222- 179

19. Migration Magnet, 2010-2012 CountyTotal Population Change Natural Change Net Migration Franklin137139

20. Emptying Out Communities, 2010-2012 CountyTotal Population Change Natural Change Net Migration Gadsden-1,218349-1,602 Liberty- 89 15- 109

21. Biologically Declining, 2010-2012 CountyTotal Population Change Natural Change Net Migration Washington-4-8755

22. Dying Communities, 2010-2012 CountyTotal Population Change Natural Change Net Migration Gulf-145-81- 83 Holmes-123-73- 50 Jackson-778- 138-617 Jefferson-505-38-404

23. THE “BROWNING” OF AMERICA

25. The Numbers YearAnnual Flow 1920-1961 206,000 1961-1992 561,000 1993-1998 800,654 1999-2004 879,400 2005-20081,137,000 2009-20121,067,000 Refugees, Parolees, Asylees YearAnnual Flow 1961-1993 65,000 1994-1998107,000 1999-2004 85,500 2005-2008 75,000 2009-2012 92,500 Legal Immigrants

26. The Numbers Cont’d Illegal Immigrants 300,000 to 400,000 annually over the past two decades Three million granted amnesty in 1986 2.7 million illegal immigrants remained after 1986 reforms October 1996: INS estimated there were 5 million illegal immigrants in U.S. Since August 2005: Estimates of illegal population have ranged between 7 million and 15 million Today: An estimated 11.5 million unauthorized immigrants reside in U.S.

27. NON-IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED TO UNITED STATES, SELECTED YEARS, 1981-2011 YearAll ClassesExchange VisitorsAcademic & Vocational Students 198111,756,903108,023 (1%) 271,861 (2%) 1985 9,539,880141,213 (1%) 285,496 (3%) 199017,574,055214,644 (1%) 355,207 (2%) 199522,640,540241,364 (1%) 395,480 (2%) 200033,690,082351,743 (1%) 699,953 (2%) 200132,824,088389,435 (1%) 741,921 (2%) 200227,907,139370,176 (1%) 687,506 (2%) 200839,381,928506,138 (1%) 917,373 (2%) 201153,082,286526, 931 (1%)1,702,730 (3%)

29. U.S. Immigrant Population, 1900-2011

30. U.S. Foreign Born Population by Race/Ethnicity, 2011 Race/EthnicityForeign PopulationShare of Total (%) Total40,381,574100.0 Hispanic18,788,300 46.5 White Alone, not Hispanic 7,608,236 18.8 Black Alone, not Hispanic 3,130,348 7.8 Asian Alone, not Hispanic 9,988,159 24.7 Other Alone, not Hispanic 866,531 2.1 30

31. U.S. POPULATION CHANGE BY RACE & ETHNICITY, 2000-2010 Race2010 Population Absolute Change 2000 – 2010 Percentage Change 2000 - 2010 Total 308,745,53827,323,6329.7% Non-Hispanic 258,267,94412,151,8564.9% White 196,817,5522,264,7781.2% Black 37,685,8483,738,01111.0% AI/AN 2,247,098178,2158.6% Asian Asian 14,465,1244,341,95542.9% NH/PI NH/PI 481,576128,06736.2% 2 or More Races 2 or More Races 5,966,4811,364,33529.6% Hispanic 50,477,59415,171,77643.0%

32. NON-WHITE AND HISPANIC SHARES OF POPULATION GROWTH, 2000-2010 Area Absolute Population Change Non-White Share Hispanic Share US27,323,63291.755.5 South14,318,92479.646.4 Texas4,293,74189.265.0 Florida2,818,93284.954.7 Georgia1,501,20681.027.9 NC1,486,17061.228.3

33. MEDIAN AGE OF U.S. POPULATION BY RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN & GENDER, 2009 RaceTotalMaleFemale United States36.835.438.2 White Alone38.337.039.6 White, Non-Hispanic41.239.942.6 Black Alone31.329.433.3 AI/AN Alone29.529.030.2 Asian Alone 33.632.634.6 NH/PI Alone 29.929.530.3 Two or More Races 19.718.920.5 Hispanic27.4 27.5 October 201333

34. TOTAL FERTILITY RATES OF U.S. WOMEN BY RACE/ETHNICITY, 2007 Race/EthnicityTotal Fertility Rate Hispanic2.99 Non-Hispanic White1.87 Blacks2.13 Asian2.04 Native American1.86 October 201334 Source: Johnson and Lichter (2010)

35. RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF U.S. BIRTHS BY RACE / ETHNICITY Race/Ethnicity199020082011 White66%50%49.6% Blacks17%16%15.0% Hispanics15%26%26.0% Other2%8%9.4% Source: Johnson and Lichter (2010); Tavernise (2011).

36. RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF U.S. POPULATION BY RACE / ETHNICITY Race/Ethnicity20052050 White67%47% Blacks12.8%13% Hispanics14%29% Asian5%9% October 201336 Source: Pew Research Center, 2008 *projected.

37. GULF POWER SERVICE AREA POPULATION CHANGE BY RACE & ETHNICITY, 2000-2010 Race 2010 Population Absolute Change 2000 – 2010 Percentage Change 2000 - 2010 Total 978,76594,65510.7% Non-Hispanic 930,12071,6508.3% White 739,39643,5476.3% Black 135,57914,00711.5% AI/AN 6,916 -257-3.6% Asian Asian 20,236 5,02033.0% NH/PI NH/PI 1,185 39249.4% Some other race Some other race 1,456 19515.5% 2 or More Races 2 or More Races 25,352 8,74652.7% Hispanic 48,64523,00589.7%

38. FLORIDA GREAT NORTHWEST REGION POPULATION CHANGE BY RACE & ETHNICITY, 2000-2010 Race 2010 Population Absolute Change 2000 – 2010 Percentage Change 2000 - 2010 Total 1,366,092143,60011.7% Non-Hispanic 1,295,058110,7129.3% White 966,701 60,2346.6% Black 256,591 29,81113.1% AI/AN 8,026 -193-2.3% Asian Asian 28,664 8,71443.7% NH/PI NH/PI 1,336 42346.3% Some other race Some other race 2,055 41024.9% 2 or More Races 2 or More Races 31,685 11,31355.5% Hispanic 71,034 32,88886.2%

39. Nonwhite and Hispanic Shares of Population in Florida and the Florida Northwest Region AreaAbsolute Population Change 2000-2010 Non-White Share Hispanic Share Florida2,818,93284.954.7 Gulf Power Service Area 94,65554.024.3 Florida Great Northwest Region 143,60058.122.9

40. Median Age and Fertility Rates for Females in Florida, 2007-2011 Demographic Group All Females White, Not Hispanic Black American Indian & Alaskan Native Asian Native Hawaiian & Pacific Islander Some other race Two or more races Hispanic Native Born Foreign Born Source: www.census.gov www.census.gov *Women 15 to 50 with births in past 12 months. Median Age 41.9 48.2 32.4 37.2 37.0 32.6 29.6 21.5 35.0 40.1 46.2 Fertility/1000 women* 51 44 60 49 58 109 67 60 57 48 60

41. is “In” Marrying Out October 201341

42. INTERMARRIAGE TREND, 1980-2008 % Married Someone of a Different Race/Ethnicity October 201342

43. INTERMARRIAGE TYPES Newly Married Couples in 2008 October 201343

44. THE SILVER TSUNAMI

45. Key Drivers Changes in Longevity Declining Fertility Aging of Boomer Cohort

46. LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH YEARAGE 1900 47.3 1930 59.7 1960 69.7 1997 76.5 2007 77.9 2010 78.3 2030101.0

47. Centenarians in the U.S. YearNumber 1950 2,300 2010 79,000 2050601,000

48. COMPLETED FERTILITY FOR WOMEN 40 - 44 YEARS OLD Year Percent Childless Avg. Number of Children Percent Higher Order Births* 2006201.928 1976103.159 *Three or more Children

49. TOTAL FERTILITY RATES OF U.S. WOMEN BY RACE/ETHNICITY, 2007 Race/EthnicityTotal Fertility Rate Hispanic3.0 Non-Hispanic White1.9 Blacks2.1 Asian2.0 Native American1.9

50. THE “GREYING” OF AMERICA

51. U.S. POPULATION CHANGE BY AGE, 2000-2009 Age2009 Absolute Change 2000 - 2009 Percentage Change 2000 - 2009 <25104,960,2505,258,4925.3 25-4484,096,278-1,898,345-2.2 45-6479,379,43916,977,56727.2 65+39,570,5904,496,88612.8 TOTAL307,006,55024,834,5938.8 October 201351

52. U.S. POPULATION TURNING 50, 55, 62, AND 65 YEARS OF AGE, (2007-2015) Age 50 Age 55 Age 62 Age 65 Average Number/Day12,34411,5419,2218,032 Average Number/Minute8.68.06.45.6 October 201352

53. Absolute and Percent Population Change, Florida and Great Northwest Region, 2000-2010 AgeFloridaGreat Northwest Region Gulf Power Service Area All Ages2,818,932 (17.6%) 143,600 (11.7%) 94,655 (10.7%) <25764,806 (15.4%) 57,592 (14.1%) 43,062 (15.8%) 25-44151,452 (3.3%) -13,294 (-3.7%) -14,632 (-5.5%) 45-641,450,669 (40.0%) 92,023 (33.3%) 67,837 (33.1%) 65+452,005 (16.1%) 34,069 (23.0%) 25,142 (21.7%)

54. The Multigenerational Workforce

55. Multi-Generational Diversity January 2012 55 GenerationBirth YearsCurrent AgesEst. Workforce Participation in 2013* Veterans Traditionalists WWII Generation Silent Generation 1922-194570-935% (7M) Baby Boomers “Boomers” 1946-196451-6938% (60M) Generation X Baby Busters 1965-198035-5032% (51M) Generation Y Millennials 1981-200015-3425% (40M) *Source: AARP – Leading a Multi-Generational Workforce, 2007

56. The End of Men?

57. FEMALE WORKFORCE REPRESENTATION

58. JOBS LOST/GAINED BY GENDER DURING 2007 (Q4) – 2009 (Q3) RECESSION Industry WomenMen Construction -106,000-1,300,000 Manufacturing -106,000-1,900,000 Healthcare +451,800 +118,100 Government +176,000 +12,000 Total -1,700,000-4,700,000

59. THE PLIGHT OF MEN Today, three times as many men of working age do not work at all compared to 1969. Selective male withdrawal from labor market—rising non-employment due largely to skills mismatches, disabilities & incarceration. The percentage of prime-aged men receiving disability insurance doubled between 1970 (2.4%) and 2009 (4.8%). Since 1969 median wage of the American male has declined by almost $13,000 after accounting for inflation. After peaking in 1977, male college completion rates have barely changed over the past 35 years.

60. JOBS LOST/GAINED BY GENDER DURING 2007 (Q4) – 2009 (Q3) RECESSION Industry WomenMen Construction -106,000-1,300,000 Manufacturing -106,000-1,900,000 Healthcare +451,800 +118,100 Government +176,000 +12,000 Total -1,700,000-4,700,000

61. Snapshot of U.S. & NC Disabled Male Populations, 2011 IndicatorUnited StatesNorth Carolina Absolute Number8,622,600334,200 Prevalence12.1%13.3% Veteran Service Connected Disability 19.1%18.8% Employment Rate33.4%30.7% Employed Full-time20.7%19.5% Not working but looking11.7%12.2% Annual Earnings$36,700$32,600 SSI19.6%15.7% Less than High School22.4%24.5% Uninsured17.5%18.8% Below Poverty Level27.8%28.4%

62. COLLEGE CLASS OF 2010 DEGREEMALEFEMALEDIFFERENCE Associate’s293,000486,000193,000 Bachelor’s702,000946,000244,000 Master’s257,000391,000134,000 Professional46,80046,400-400 Doctor’s31,50032,9001,400 TOTAL1,330,3001,902,300572,000

63. ENROLLMENT IN 2 YEAR COLLEGES, 2009 Area Total Enrollment Full Time Enrollment (%) Male Enrollment (%) Black Enrollment (%) U.S.20,966,826634313 Southeast Region 4,731,356654123 North Carolina 574,135644124 NC- 2 Yr Colleges 253,383434025

64. UNC SYSTEM STUDENT ENROLLMENT BY GENDER AND TYPE OF INSTITUTION, 2010 Type of Institution Total Enrollment Male Enrollment Percent Male UNC System 175,28176,95344 Majority Serving 139,25063,40346 Minority Serving 36,03113,55038 HBUs 29,86511,19137

65. Average EOG Scores Gender scores are averages of 6 LEAs (Bertie, Bladen, Halifax, Duplin, Northampton and Pamlico)

66. Average EOG Scores Gender scores are averages of 6 LEAs (Bertie, Bladen, Halifax, Duplin, Northampton and Pamlico)

67. Average EOC Scores Gender scores are averages of 6 LEAs (Bertie, Bladen, Halifax, Duplin, Northampton and Pamlico)

68. EOC Composite Scores Gender scores are averages of 6 LEAs (Bertie, Bladen, Halifax, Duplin, Northampton and Pamlico)

69. Male-Female Presence Disparity Graph shows total number of male and female students tested of 6 LEAs (Bertie, Bladen, Duplin, Halifax, Northampton, and Pamlico)

70. High School Graduation Rates Avg. graduation rates of 6 LEAs (Bertie, Bladen, Halifax, Duplin, Northampton and Pamlico)

71. The Minority Male Challenge

72. Third Grade EOG Reading Test Pass Rates For Males by Race/Ethnicity

73. Third Grade EOG Math Test Pass Rates for Males by Race/Ethnicity

74. Eighth Grade EOG Reading Test Pass Rates for Males by Race/Ethnicity

75. Eighth Grade EOG Math Test Pass Rates for Males by Race/Ethnicity

76. COOLING WATERS FROM GRANDMA’S WELL And Grandpa’s Too!

77. Children Living in Non-Grandparent and Grandparent Households, 2001-2010 Household TypeAbsolute Number 2010 Absolute Change 2001-2010 Percent Change 2001-2010 All74,7182,712 3.8 No Grandparents67,209 917 1.4 Both Grandparents 2,610 77141.9 Grandmother Only 1,922 164 9.3 Grandfather Only 318 7128.7 October 201377

78. Children Living in Non-Grandparent and Grandparent-Headed Households by Presence of Parents, 2010 Household Type All Children (in thousands) Living with Both Parents Living with Mother Only Living with Father Only Living with Neither parent All74,71869.3%23.1%3.4%4.0% No Grandparents 67,20973.4%21.2%3.3%2.1% Both Grandparents 2,61018.1%40.6%5.2%36.1% Grandmother Only 1,92213.8%48.4%4.5%33.2% Grandfather Only 31826.4%45.9%4.4%23.6% October 201378

79. ...but Challenges Abound DIVERSITY RULES September 201279

80. Barriers to Future Economic Prosperity

81. The Dependency Problem A Train Wreck in the Making

82. POPULATION CHANGE BY AGE IN THE SOUTH, 2000-2010 Age 2010 Population Absolute Change 2000-2010 Percent Change 2000-2010 Total114,555,74414,318,92414.3 <10 (Gen Z)15,346,3001,284,9009.1 10-29 (Gen Y)31,624,7883,247,51811.4 30-44 (Gen X)22,820,248-401,156-1.7 45-64 (Boomers) 29,870,4237,731,94434.9 65+ (Pre- Boomers) 14,893,9852,455,71819.7

83. DEPENDENCY RATIOS IN THE AMERICAN SOUTH Source: Census 2010

84. The Human Capital Challenge

85. September 201285

86. Percent of High School Graduates Requiring Remedial Course Work

87. Opportunities for Economic Renewal

88. Tap the Spending Power of Immigrants and Ethnic Minorities

89. Conceptual Framework for Assessing the Economic Impact of Immigrants

90. SUMMARY RESULTS OF THREE ECONOMIC IMPACT STUDIES IndicatorNorth Carolina Hispanics 2006 Arkansas Immigrants 2007 Arkansas Immigrants 2013 Consumer Expenditures & Tax Contributions $9.2b ($15,130) $2.9b ($23,577) $3.9b ($16,300) Cost of Essential Services $817m ($1,360) $237m ($1,927) $555m ($2,300) Net Benefit$8.3b ($13,770) $2.67b ($21,951) $3.4b ($13,900) Benefit-Cost Ratio$10.00-$1.00$11.00-$1.00$6.00-$1.00

91. Projected Changes in U.S. Buying Power by Race/Ethnicity, 2010-2015 Race/Ethnic Group 20102015Projected Change All Groups$11.1 trillion$14.1 trillion27% Hispanics$ 1.0 trillion$ 1.5 trillion50% Asians$ 544.0 billion$775.0 billion42% African Americans $ 957.0 billion$ 1.2 trillion25% Native Americans$ 67.7 billion$ 90.4 billion34%

92. Shares of U.S. Buying Power by Race/Ethnicity, 1990-2015 Group1990200020102015 Non- Hispanic 95.093.290.789.5 White89.486.784.983.9 Black 7.5 8.2 8.6 8.8 Asian 2.7 3.7 4.9 5.5 American Indian 0.5 0.6 Multi- racial N/A 0.8 1.0 1.2 Hispanic 5.0 6.8 9.310.5

93. The Elder Care Economy

94. Total and Elderly Population Change, 2000-2010 Total Population Percent Change Absolute Change U.S.9.526,884.972 South14.314,318,924 The Carolinas 17.4 2,099,702 North Carolina 18.5 1,486,170 South Carolina 15.3 613,532 Elderly Population Percent Change Absolute Change U.S.10.73,787,660 South19.72,455,718 The Carolinas 28.2 411,572 North Carolina 27.3 265,031 South Carolina 30.2146,541

95. Elderly Share of Net Population Change, 2000-2010 AreaTotal Population Change Elderly Population Change Elderly Share of Net Change United States26,884,9723,737,66013.9% South Region14,318,9242,455,71817.2% The Carolinas 2,099,702 411,57219.6% North Carolina 1,486,170 265,03117.8% South Carolina 613,532 146,54123.9%

96. Age-Related Challenges Mobility Limitations Hearing Loss Vision Impairments Mental Disorders Substance Abuse Issues Chronic Disabilities Economic Constraints

97. The Triple Whammy Aging Boomers Face Mortality Elder Care Responsibilities Raising Grandchildren

98. Target Markets

99. Gender Composition of Elderly Population by Age, 2010 AgeThe CarolinasNorth CarolinaSouth Carolina All Elderly (65+)1,865,9531,234,079631,874 % Female57.357.556.7 Young Old (65-74)1,066,610 697,567369,043 % Female53.854.053.4 Middle Old (75-84) 581,165 389,051192,114 % Female59.059.258.4 Oldest Old (85+) 218,178 147,46170,717 % Female69.970.069.7

100. Distribution of Widowed Elderly Women by County, The Carolinas, 2010

101. North Carolina Elderly Population Living Alone, 2010 GenderTotal Population Number Living Alone Percent Living Alone Both Sexes1,234,079326,25226.4 Male 523,956 83,40815.9 Female 710,123242,84434.2

102. Distribution of Elderly Female Householders, No Husband Present, The Carolinas, 2010

103. AGING IN PLACE RESEARCH FRAMEWORK Senior Population Senior Population Person- Centered Activities Person- Centered Activities Seniors Caregivers Service Providers Seniors Caregivers Service Providers Assistive Technologies Assistive Technologies Digital Literacy Digital Literacy Remote Care Systems Online Health Promotion Sympathic Devices ICT AAL Remote Care Systems Online Health Promotion Sympathic Devices ICT AAL Successful Aging in Place Successful Aging in Place Built Environment Centered Activities Built Environment Centered Activities Dwellings Neighborhoods Communities Cities/Regions Nationstates Dwellings Neighborhoods Communities Cities/Regions Nationstates

104. SMART SLIPPERS

105. GLOWCAPS

106. SENIOR PLAYGROUNDS

108. The Freelance Economy

109. DRIVERS Broadband Technology Cloud Computing Other Technological Innovations Disruptive Demographics Global Economic Recession

110. The Online Market Place Guru.com Elance.com Odesk.com Freelancer.com October 2012110

111. Top Freelancer Locations CountryCountry Cont’d United States (200,619)Australia (3,307) India (60,212)Bangladesh (2,694) United Kingdom (10,387)Romania (2,494) Canada (9,133)Indonesia (2,332) Pakistan (7,731)Russian Federation (2,223) Philippines (5,221)Uruguay (1,847) October 2012111

112. The Freelancer Economy— Technology Websites & Ecommerce (42,084) Programming and Databases (47,749) Engineering & CAD (10,463) Networking & Telephone Systems (10, 154) ERP & CRM (2,288) October 2012112

113. The Freelancer Economy— Creative Arts Graphic Design & Multimedia (32,289) Writing, Editing, & Translation (45,510) Illustration & Art (11,451) Photography & Videography (7,399) Fashion & Interior Designs (2,746) Broadcasting (4,806) October 2012113

114. The Freelancers Economy— Business Administrative Support (36,504) Marketing & Communications (8,187) Sales & Telemarketing (4,167) Business Consulting (11,887) Legal (2,567) Finance & Accounting (4,657) October 2012114

115. Freelancers within 30 mile radius of Zip: 27514 (N= 1,578) Programming & Databases (287)Illustration & Art (50) Writing, Editing & Translation (281)Photography & Videography (41) Administrative Support (217)Sales & Marketing (26) Website & Ecommerce (153)Broadcasting (25) Graphic Design & Multimedia (148)Finance & Accounting (22) Business Consulting (101)Legal (18) Networking & Telephone Systems (76) ERP & CRM (14) Engineering & CAD (57)Fashion & Interior Design (8) Marketing & Communications (54) October 2012115

116. MOVING FORWARD Managing transition from the “graying” to the “browning” of America. Embrace immigrants Recognize the economic value of multi-ethnic and multi-generational markets. Freelancers Rule Address the “wayward sons” problem in U.S. education and labor markets Become more actively involved in K-12 education as a form of enlightened self-interest.