2. Direct Democracy History Athens is considered the birth place Solon (Athenian law-maker/Lyric poet) (7 th Century B.C.) Tried to satisfy everyone (rich minority, poor majority) Formalized the functions of the governmental body All people had to attend assemblies and vote Most would partake in a council of 400 to prepare for the vote

3. Athens’ Continued Cleisthenes (noble of Athens) Complete reform Reorganized into 10 tribes Goal to improve political powers from family and make a stronger army Introduced equality for all Word Democracy introduced Ephialtes and Pericles (politicians) Shifted to allow more of the lower class to have power of vote Drawings to fill political position to dissuade corruption Only elected officials were generals and treasurer (who had to be rich)

4. Direct Democracy Needs to be a smaller population “Exists where the will of the people is translated into public policy (law) directly by the people themselves, in mass meetings.” Prentice Hall Government Book. What ancient Athens used

5. Indirect/Representative Democracy What America uses Relies on elected officials (i.e.: senators, congressmen, mayors, presidents) to carrying out the day-to-day running of the government Accountable for their actions at their next election In the U.S. democracy/republic/representative are all used interchangeably

6. Republic Gains its power from the people The head of state is not a monarch Republic is associated with Rome Ancient Roman’s created a republic that included their own constitution, though it was never written Though they still relied on their monarchy (Caesars’) The members of the consul dressed as royalty wearing purple Worked like our checks and balances, no group of consuls could act without the other consuls’ permission Consul’s had ultimate power, but were tied down by the checks and balances of the other consul

7. Dictatorship Those who rule are not held responsible by the will of the people Probably the oldest form of government Two types: Autocracy: single person holds the power Oligarchy: a small group of elite hold the power Those in charge have absolute power Ex: Nazi Germany, Soviet Union, People’s Republic of China (still in existence)

8. Unitary Government Is often described as a centralized government. All powers held by the government as a single, central agency The national government creates local units of government

9. Unitarian Government Contd. The local governments only have powers that the central government gives them Most governmnets in the world are unitary Great Britain: Parliament holds the power (though, at the same time, it is also democratic)

10. Federal Government Power is distributed between a central government and local An authority creates a division of power based off of geography; which cannot be changed by local nor federal by themselves Both levels of government act directly on the people through their own sets of laws, officials, and agencies. In U.S. the division of power is split up in The Constitution. The Constitution is above both governments; can only be changed if both Fed and State governments agree The state governments are unitary, not fed in form

11. Confederate Government A confederation is an alliance of independt states Only had the power to handle the matters that the member states have assigned to it Usually limits the States power to military an d foreign affairs Allows for several states to cooperate in matters of common, yet retain their own identities European Union is the closest modern Conferderation Seeks to coordinate its members’ foreign and defense policies

12. Homework/In-Class Read Section: Relationship between Legislative and Executive Branches (pg 15) Answer the questions on page 16