1. The geological action of water III (La acción geológica del agua) Water shape the Earth´s surface through its movements in surface runoff, rivers, seas, glaciers and underwater stream. - Surface runoff or wild waters (Aguas de arroyada o aguas salvajes ) - Rivers (ríos) - Glaciers (glaciales) - Sea (el mar)

2. THE SEA Seas and oceans erode the edges of continents. This produces coastal landforms. Marine erosion, transport and sedimentation are all due to the movement of the water. There are three kinds of movement: waves (olas), tides (mareas: high tide = marea alta and low tide = marea baja) and currents (corrientes).

3. MARINE EROSION Marine erosion takes place mainly as a result of wave action. Erosion on rocky coastlines result in cliffs (acantilados), headlands or copes (promontorios o cabos), coves or bays (ensenadas o bahías), see arches (arcos marinos) and sea stacks (farallones).

4. MARINE EROSION Evolution of a cliff: as time passes a cliff retreat is produced.

5. MARINE EROSION Erosion on rocky coastlines result in cliffs (acantilados), headlands or copes (promontorios o cabos), coves or bays (ensenadas o bahías), see arches (arcos marinos) and sea stacks (farallones).

6. Headland-cape and cove-bay Hard rocky materials result in a headland or cape (narrow or large piece of land respectively, that projects out from a coastline) and soft rocky materials result in a cove or bay (narrow or wide area of sea respectively, that projects inwards towards the coastline). Headlands (promontorios) Cove (Ensenada) MARINE EROSION

7. Headland-cape and cove-bay Hard rocky materials result in a headland or cape (narrow or large piece of land that projects out from a coastline) and soft rocky materials result in a cove or bay (narrow or wide area of sea that projects inwards towards the coastline). cape (cabo) Bay (bahía) MARINE EROSION

8. Sea stacks (farallones): natural column of rocks in the sea Sea arch (arco): natural arch of rocks in the sea Promontorio (saliente) Ensenada (entrante del mar en la costa) MARINE EROSION

9. Transport and sedimentation in the sea can result in beaches (playas), sandbars (barras de arena), tombolos (tombolos), and even a coastal pool or lagoon (albufera). The acumulation of sediments (sand or pebbles) in the interior of bays or coves formes a beach. beaches TRANSPORT AND SEDIMENTATION IN THE SEA sand pebbles

10. Sandbar coastal pool or lagoon sandbars A sandbar is a long, narrow sandy deposit. A coastal pool or a lagoon is a coastal lake (salt-water lake) separated from the coast by a sandy deposit and a tombolo is a sandy deposit that joins an island to a coast.

11. Exercise: write the english names you know

12. Tombolos (tómbolos)