1. Chapter 12 & 13 The Eye & Ear

2. Objectives Identify organs and structures of the eye. Define and spell word parts related to the eye. Define, pronounce, and spell disease and disorder terms related to the eye. Identify organs and structures of the ear. Define and spell word parts related to the ear. Define, pronounce, and spell disease and disorder terms related to the ear. Define, pronounce, and spell surgical terms related to the ear.

3. The Eye The eyes are organs of vision and are located in a bony protective cavity of the skull called the orbit. Only a small portion of the eye is visible from the exterior

4. Function of the Ear Two functions of the ear are to hear and to provide the sense of balance. The ear is made up of three parts: the external ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear, also called the labyrinth. We hear because sound waves vibrate through the ear, where they are transformed into nerve impulses that are then carried to the brain.

5. 5 Anatomy of the Eye Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

6. 6 Visible Surface of the Eye Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

7. 7 Eye sclera: outer protective layer of the eye (white of eye) cornea: transparent anterior part of the sclera; allows the light rays to enter the eye choroid: middle layer of the eye interlaced with blood vessels that supply nutrients to the eye iris: the pigmented muscular structure that regulates the amount of light entering the eye by controlling the size of the pupil  pupil: opening in the center of the iris Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

8. 8 Eye (cont’d) lens: lies directly behind the pupil; focuses and bends light retina: innermost layer of the eye, which contains the vision receptors aqueous humor: watery liquid found in the anterior cavity of the eye; provides nourishment to nearby structures and maintains shape in the anterior part of the eye vitreous humor: jellylike liquid found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

9. 9 Eye (cont’d) meibomian glands: oil glands found in the upper and lower edges of the eyelids that help lubricate the eye lacrimal glands and ducts: produce and drain tears optic nerve: carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain conjunctiva: mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior portion of the sclera Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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11. 11 Anatomy of the Ear Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

12. 12 The Middle Ear Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

13. 13 Ear external ear auricle (pinna): located on both sides of the head external auditory meatus: short tube that ends at the tympanic membrane Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

14. 14 Ear (cont’d) middle ear tympanic membrane (eardrum): semitransparent membrane that separates the external auditory meatus and the middle ear cavity and transmits sound vibrations to the ossicles eustachian tube: connects the middle ear and the pharynx ossicles: bones of the middle ear that carry sound vibrations Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

15. 15 Ear (cont’d) labyrinth (inner ear) cochlea: snail-shaped and contains the organ of hearing; connects to the oval window in the middle ear semicircular canals and vestibule: contain receptors and endolymph that help the body maintain its sense of balance mastoid bone and cells: located in the skull bone behind the external auditory meatus Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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17. 17 Combining Forms Commonly Used with the Eye cry/o dipl/o is/o phot/o ton/o Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

18. 18 Combining Forms of the Ear audi/o aur/i, aur/o, ot/o cochle/o labyrinth/o mastoid/o myring/o staped/o tympan/o vestibul/o Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

19. 19 Prefixes and Suffixes Prefixes bi-, bin- Suffixes - opia -phobia -plegia Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

20. 20 Helpful Information tympan/ousually means middle ear myring/omeans eardrum (tympanic membrane) labyrinth/omeans inner ear Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

21. 21 Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts aphakia blepharitis blepharoptosis conjunctivitis dacryocystitis diplopia endophthalmitis iridoplegia iritis keratitis keratomalacia leukocoria oculomycosis ophthalmalgia ophthalmoplegia phacomalacia photophobia retinoblastoma Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

22. 22 Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d) retinopathy sclerokeratitis scleromalacia xerophthalmia Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

23. 23 Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts labyrinthitis mastoiditis myringitis otalgia osteomastoiditis otomycosis otopyorrhea otorrhea otosclerosis Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

24. 24 Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts amblyopia astigmatism (Ast) cataract chalazion detached retina glaucoma hyperopia macular degeneration Myopia Nyctalopia Nystagmus Pinguecula Presbyopia Ptergium Retinitis Pigmentosa Strabismus Sty, stye (hordeolum) Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

25. A, Snowflake cataract. B, Senile cataract.

26. 26 Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts acoustic neuroma ceruminoma cholesteatoma Ménière disease otitis externa otitis media (OM) presbycusis tinnitus vertigo Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

27. 27 Blepharoptosis Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

28. 28 D acryocystitis Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

29. An abnormal condition of squinting or crossed eyes is called strabismus. This condition is caused by the visual axes not meeting at the same point. A complication of strabismus is amblyopia; the vision in one eye is reduced due to its disuse or misuse.

30. 30 Chapter 12 & 13 Lesson 12.2 Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

31. 31 Objectives Define, pronounce, and spell surgical terms related to the eye. Define, pronounce, and spell diagnostic terms related to the eye. Define, pronounce, and spell complementary terms related to the eye. Interpret the meaning of abbreviations related to the eye. Interpret, read, and comprehend medical language in simulated medical statements and documents. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

32. 32 Objectives Define, pronounce, and spell diagnostic terms related to the ear. Define, pronounce, and spell complementary terms related to the ear. Interpret the meaning of abbreviations related to the ear. Interpret, read, and comprehend medical language in simulated medical statements and documents. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

33. Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts blepharoplasty cryoretinopexy dacryocystorhinostomy dacryocystotomy iridectomy iridotomy keratoplasty sclerotomy 33 Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

34. Surgical Terms Not Built from Word Parts enucleation laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) phacoemulsification (PHACO) photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) retinal photocoagulation scleral buckling trabeculectomy vitrectomy 34 Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

35. Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts cochlear implant labyrinthectomy mastoidectomy mastoidotomy myringoplasty myringotomy stapedectomy tympanoplasty 35 Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

36. 36 Myringotomy Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

37. Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts Diagnostic imaging fluorescein angiography tonometry Ophthalmic evaluation keratometer ophthalmoscope ophthalmoscopy optometry pupillometer pupilloscope retinoscopy tonometer 37 Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

38. 38 PRK and LASIK Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

39. Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts audiogram audiometry electrocochleography otoscope otoscopy tympanometer tympanometry 39 Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

40. Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts anisocoria binocular corneal isocoria intraocular lacrimal nasolacrimal ophthalmic 40 ophthalmologist ophthalmology ophthalmopathy optic pseudophakia pupillary retinal Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

41. Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts emmetropia intraocular lens (IOL) miotic mydriatic optician optometrist visual acuity (VA) 41 Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

42. Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts audiologist audiology aural cochlear otologist otology otorhinolaryngologist (ENT) vestibular vestibulocochlear 42 Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

43. Abbreviations ARMD Ast Em IOL Ophth PHACO VA 43 Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

44. Abbreviations ADM EENT ENT OM 44 Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

45. Read Medical Terms in Use Acute otitis media is one of the most common pediatric infections. Most middle ear infections are caused by bacteria, and some by viruses. Symptoms include otalgia, otorrhea, ear pulling, and irritability. The tympanic membrane will be bulging, red in color, with a thickened appearance and reduced translucency. Antibiotics may be ordered if the infection does not resolve on its own. If unresponsive to antibiotic treatment, a myringotomy may be performed to identify the causative pathogen, allowing for the appropriate antibiotic treatment to be prescribed. 45 Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

46. Read Medical Terms in Use An elderly gentleman visited his ophthalmologist because of decreased vision. A tonometry examination showed borderline readings. Visual acuity measurement indicated a mild degree of myopia and presbyopia. A diagnosis of glaucoma was suspected in this case, and Timoptic eye drops were prescribed, one drop daily. A cataract of the right eye was found. Lens implant surgery will be performed when the cataract matures sufficiently. Approximately 5 years ago the patient had a detached retina of the left eye. A scleral buckling procedure was performed and was successful in halting the process of retinal detachment. 46 Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.