1. Verbs

2. 2 Verb tenses O Present Tense O Use an –s or –es ending on the verb only when the subject is he, she, or it. O Past Tense O For most verbs add –d or –ed O If a verb ends, in e, just add d. O If it ends in a consonant + y, change the y to i and add -ed. O Try = tried

3. Practice Chapter 10, Exercises 1-8 (pages 113- 119)

4. 4 Main Forms of a Verb 1. Present Tense O Use the present form O TALK 2. Past Tense O Use the past form O TALKED

5. 4 Main Forms of a Verb O Present Participle O Use present participle or –ing form w/ helping verbs O TALKING (Were Talking, Should Be Talking) O Past Participle O Use the past participle w/ helping verbs have, has, or had O TALKED (Have Talked, Has Talked, Had Talked)

6. Practice Chapter 10 Exercise 9 (page 120)

7. Subject-Verb Agreement O Basically, a singular subject must have a singular verb; and a plural subject must have a plural verb. O Examples O Sue Ellen works in a grocery store during the summer months. O My brothers go fishing every Saturday. O Problems occur when you have special situations such as those that follow.

8. Subject and Verb Separated by a Word Group O Sometimes one or more words may come between the subject and verb. When this situation occurs, find your “true” subject and ignore the words between it and your verb. O Examples O The box of books is missing from the work room. O Mr. Garrett, along with his sons, runs the dairy.

9. Two Singular Verbs O Two singular subjects joined by and need a plural verb. O Examples O My cat and my dog are going to the vet this afternoon. O Sandra and Francis shop at Publix.

10. Subjects with each and every O When each or every precedes a subject, the subject is singular and requires a singular verb. O Examples O Every plate and glass in the cupboard is broken. O Each of the plants needs water to survive.

11. Indefinite Pronouns O Examples: anyone, everyone, nobody, anybody, something, everything (see page 162 for complete list) O Memorize these words! Some seem plural, so common sense won’t cut it! O Tip: they’re the -one, -thing, and -body words + each, either, neither O Always take a singular verb

12. Subjects with or, either-or, neither-nor O Singular subjects joined by or, either-or, or neither-nor take singular verbs. O Examples O Neither Betty nor Wilma understands the problem. O An orange or a grapefruit is a healthy snack.

13. One singular subject and one plural subject O When or, either-or, or neither-nor is used, then the verb must agree with the subject closer to it. O Examples O Either Mike or the Greens go to the church on the corner. O Either the Greens or Mike goes to the church on the corner.

14. One singular subject and one plural subject, cont. O HINT: The sentence has a much smoother flow if the plural subject is the one closer to the verb.

15. Collective nouns as subjects O A collective noun is singular in form but stands for groups or collections of people or things. O My English class is taking a test. O Our family is going on vacation.

16. Collective nouns, cont. O Sometimes a collective noun is referring to the individual members within a group. In this case, then a plural noun may be used. O The jury are undecided about the verdict. O Since this format is often awkward, you may want to change the sentence for better flow. O The jury members are undecided about the verdict.

17. Verbs preceding subjects O Usually, sentences that fall into this category will begin with here, there, how, what, and where. With such sentences, the verb must agree with the subject that follows it. O Here is the house I told you about. O Where are the children going in such a hurry?

18. Practice Chapter 13 All Exercises