1. DIFFUSION AND ACTIVE TRANSPORT BY: LILLI SALVESEN AND KATHERINE ROGERS

2. CELL MEMBRANE Integral Protein

3. HYDROPHOBIC VERSUS HYDROPHILIC  The heads of the phospholipids are hydrophilic meaning they are attracted to water.  The head is made from glycerol and phosphate  The tails are hydrophobic meaning they hate water and want to stay away from it.  The tail is made up of two fatty acids  The Hydrophilic heads came together and make a barrier to the water so that the hydrophobic tails don’t have to be in the water.  Hydrophobic is like a phobia which means you are scared of something.

4. THE FUNCTIONS OF MEMBRANE PROTEINS  Hormone Binding Sites~ Binds to specific hormones to change the behavior of the cell.  Enzyme Action~ On the surface of the cell.  Cell Adhesion~ Enables cells to make tight connections to one another  Cell to Cell communication~ receptors for neurotransmitters at the synapses  Channel Proteins~ allow ions to pass through the membrane  Protein Pumps~ require energy to move ions across the concentration graidents

5. DIFFUSION  http://www.schooltube.com/video/ef312e55fd344afd96b4/Ch.%207B%20Mem branes%20&%20Transport (6:46) http://www.schooltube.com/video/ef312e55fd344afd96b4/Ch.%207B%20Mem branes%20&%20Transport  Type of passive transport. Particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

6. OSMOSIS  Occurs when there is a permeable membrane  Water molecules pass through the cell membrane from low concentration to high concentration  http://www.schooltube.com/video/ef312e55fd344afd96b4/Ch.%207B%20Mem branes%20&%20Transport (1:32) http://www.schooltube.com/video/ef312e55fd344afd96b4/Ch.%207B%20Mem branes%20&%20Transport

7. PASSIVE TRANSPORT VIA SIMPLE AND FACILITATED DIFFUSION  Simple diffusion does not require energy due to the fact that it is passive transport.  Ex: Osmosis does not require energy in order to move water across a membrane  Facilitated diffusion requires a specific carrier protein that combine with substances to aid in movement

8. ACTIVE TRANSPORT  Active transport moves substances like ions or large molecules against a concentration gradient  Use protein pumps and ATP

9. VESICLES  Used for transport  Carry proteins on the rough ER to the golgi apparatus  Golgi Apparatus prepares the proteins for export from the cell

10. ENDOCYTOSIS  Bringing in of external substances by the plasma membrane pouching outward~ this forms a vesicle

11. EXOCYTOSIS  Release of substances from the cell (SECRETION) when a vesicle joins with the plasma membrane