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Published byLisa Norman Modified over 9 years ago
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Mrs. Barth
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-3-D art has height, width and actual depth (as opposed to implied depth) -3-D art is referred to as sculpture The Pieta Michelangelo
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Sculpture can be: In the round-Free standing sculpture that is meant to be viewed from all sides.
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Or sculpture can be: Relief Sculpture - sculpture that is not freestanding, but projects from a background surface.
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High Relief means the objects stand far out from the background. Bas-Relief- Bas means low, like a basset hound
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Sculpture can be additive; additive sculpture is when pieces are added, constructed or attached together to create a whole work of art. Aurora by Jennifer Maestre
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Additive Sculpture is usually built upon a central armature, A skeleton-like framework to give rigid internal support.
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Subtractive Sculpture is when the artist takes away pieces through carving. The Pieta was carved from a single piece of marble!
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Clay occurs naturally in the ground as a type of soil. You generally find clay along the banks of a river or stream; wherever the current is pulling sediment down off the mountains or hills and dropping it in a quiet part of the river lower down. This picture shows African women digging clay from the ground to make pottery.
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Clay is quite safe, it’s basically dirt. EXCEPT when it is a dust. Clay dust is not good for our lungs; long term exposure can lead to a disease called silicosis. You would NEVER make a dust out of dry clay. That is unhealthy for everyone in the classroom.
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Clay goes through a variety of stages to become a finished piece of pottery or ceramic art. In stage 1 clay is wet, squishy and easily shaped, or malleable. Sometime this quality is referred to as plasticity.
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There are various ways to work with wet clay. Hand-building is one technique. Hand- building is when you assemble pieces of clay by hand to construct something.
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Slab-building: When you use sheets of clay, or slabs, that are usually ¼ ” to ½” thick. Slab building lends itself to actual textures being pressed into the clay for decoration. Deep carving into clay is called intaglio or Sgraffito.
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Both of these pieces are hand built ceramics.
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You can also shape clay on a potters wheel. This is called “throwing” the clay. Everything thrown on a wheel is perfectly round.
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When long coils are stacked atop one another to add height to a pot. The coils can be smoothed out, or left exposed.
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Wheel thrown ceramics are always perfectly round because they are shaped while the wheel spins around quickly.
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When you are finished shaping a ceramic piece you leave it out in the air to dry. (sometimes covered by a plastic bag so it doesn’t dry too fast and crack) Clay can be allowed to dry partially to a state called leather-hard. When clay is dry it is called Greenware. These vases have been left to dry. Do you think these were thrown, or hand built?
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When clay is dry, it becomes very delicate, that means that it is brittle, and easily broken. You would never sand green ware, the dust is harmful to breath.
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Once clay is bone dry, which means totally dry, it is fired in a kiln. The kiln bakes the clay, just like an oven, except the temperature can reach 1200-2000 degrees! A cake is cooked at at 375 degrees
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Once clay has been fired it is called bisqueware. The first firing is called a bisque firing. Bisqueware is hard, and has a matte finish. A matte finish means something is not shiny. Bisqueware can still be broken, if you dropped it for example.
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Once clay has been bisque fired you have two choices. You can paint your clay with regular paint when you are finished. This gives you a unique finish This can give you greater detail as well. You cannot eat from painted pottery unless sealed properly.
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You can also glaze ceramics. Glaze has silica in it, which turns to glass at very high temperatures. When you apply glaze to bisqueware you have to fire the piece a 2 nd time to activate the glaze. This is called a glaze firing.
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When the piece comes out of the glaze firing it is called glaze ware. The glaze will have turned to glass, and will have a shiny, vitreous texture.
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