1. 26th IAGRG Allahabad

2. 20th January 201126th IAGRG Allahabad We did it !  LIGO, Virgo achieve design senstivity in initial phase  Advanced detectors being constructed to achieve an order of magnitude improve- ment – GW detections ( if GR is correct)  LCGT (Japan) funded  GW detector network crucial for GW astronomy Existing groups strongly favour more detectors!

3. GW heritage 26th IAGRG Allahabad  20 years of GW data analysis (IUCAA) and waveform modelling (RRI) at the top level  Strong substantial presence of ex-group members: B. S. Sathyaprakash, Sukanta Bose, S. Mohanty + young group of GW experts + more in the wings + strong support from other Indians Badri Krishnan (AEI), Rana Adhikari (Caltech)

4. 26th IAGRG Allahabad International Network of GW Interferometers International Network of GW Interferometers LIGO-LLO: 4km LIGO-LHO: 2km, 4km GEO: 0.6km VIRGO: 3km TAMA: 0.3km AIGO: site India, Australia optimal global location for the next detector!

5. Ind IGO Genesis 26th IAGRG Allahabad  Discussion on raised level of Indian GW initiative started in ICGC 2007 – Rana Adhikari, IUCAA postdocs, students  AISTF proposal on establishing Indo-Australian collaboration in GW astronomy – Bala, Sanjeev, Unni, Tarun & D. Blair  Four meetings till date: Kochi, IUCAA, Shanghai & Perth  IUCAA: IndIGO consortium formed in August 2009 attended by Schutz, Blair, Sathyaprakash, Rana Adhikari  Shanghai: Meeting with all existing GW experimental groups LIGO, VIRGO, ACIGA etc – October 2009 International Advisory committee formed Clear about Indian experimental circumstances/limitations IndIGO proposal document prepared & circulated  Perth: LIGO-Australia

6. Source localisation with a detector in Australia 26th IAGRG Allahabad Compelling reason for LIGO-Australia & for Indian participation in this

7. Members of IndIGO consortium 26th IAGRG Allahabad 1. S. V. Dhurandhar (IUCAA) 2. B. R. Iyer (RRI) 3. C. S. Unnikrishnan (TIFR) 4. T. Souradeep (IUCAA) 5. R. Adhikari (LIGO-Caltech) 6. B. S. Sathyaprakash (Cardiff) 7. K. G. Arun (CMI) 8. B. Bhawal (USA) 9. S. Bose (WSU) 10. P. Dasgupta (DU) 11. S. Doravari (LIGO-Caltech) 12. A. Gopakumar (TIFR) 13. R. Gupta (IUCAA) 14. S. Jhingan (Jamia Millia) 15. B. Krishnan (AEI) 16. A. Kumar (IPR) 17. S. Mitra (JPL-LIGO) 18. S. Mohanty (UTB) 19. R. Nayak (IISER) 20. A. Pai (IISER) 21. A. Parmeswaran (LIGO-Caltech) 22. G. Rajalakshmi (TIFR) 23. T. Seshadri (DU) 24. A. Sengupta ( DU) 25. S. K. Shukla (RRCAT)

8. International Advisory Committee 26th IAGRG Allahabad 1. Rana Adhikari (LIGO, Caltech) 2. David Blair (UWA) 3. A. Giazotto (Virgo, Italy) 4. P. D. Gupta (RRCAT) 5. Jim Hough (GEO, Glasgow) 6. K. Kuroda (LCGT, Japan) 7. H. Lueck (GEO, Hannover) 8. Nary Man (Virgo, France) 9. Jay Marx (LIGO, director) 10. David McClelland (ANU) 11. Jesper Munch (ACIGA, Chair) 12. B. S. Sathyaprakash (Cardiff) 13. B. F. Schutz (AEI director, GEO) 14. J-Y. Vinet (Virgo, France) 15. Stan Whitcomb (LIGO, Caltech)

9. LIGO-Australia 26th IAGRG Allahabad  US and Australia to share roughly equal cost  Clear plan for Indian participation with Australia with help from LIGO – strong LIGO interest in Indian participation  MOU with Australia  GWDA & source modelling will be the primary Indian deliverables  We expect clear data rights for GW data analysts in India - Data centre etc.  Bargaining power: Need to account for ~ 20% of Australian costs  High vacuum at end stations, control systems – tasks doable

10. Plans & Achievements 26th IAGRG Allahabad  LIGO will train Indian experimentalists on Advanced LIGO – they will be assigned installation & commissioning jobs in LIGO- Australia – S. Doravari + …  Indo-US centre at IUCAA & Caltech funded: PIs T. Souradeep R. Adhikari  Long term training in experiments - 3 metre prototype at TIFR, Mumbai - Summer internships at Caltech, UTB, AEI(Hannover) 2010 programme very successful IISERs, NISER, IITs  Positive comments & inputs from Off. of Pr. Sc. Advisor R. Chidambram – (D. Bhawalkar – former director of CAT)

11. Plans & Achievements contd 26th IAGRG Allahabad  RRCAT committed to consultation in vacuum & lasers - S. K. Shukla vacuum division head - P. K. Gupta and Sendhil from lasers - A. S. Raja Rao retd from RRCAT – he designed the vacuum system for large scale AIGO project in Australia - Ajai Kumar & S. B. Bhatt already in progress

12. The 3 metre prototype 26th IAGRG Allahabad People: Unnikrishnan (PI), Rajalakshmi, Jorge Fiscina Time-scale: 2 ½ years Budget: 0.6 million USD ~ Rs. 26,000,000 - FUNDED Laboratory: TIFR, Mumbai may need to be shifted later to a quieter place. Objectives: Manpower training, measurements related to short- range forces and Newtonian gravity. Instrument: 3 m arm-length Michelson interferometer with Fabry- Perot enhancement. Sensitivity: In actual operation ~ 5x10 -18 m/√Hz above 200 Hz (not aiming for theoretical minimum).

13. 6 m 26th IAGRG Allahabad20th January 2011

14. Frequency (Hz) 1 10 1001000 10 -20 10 -19 10 -18 10 -17 10 -16 10 -15 10 -14 Shot noise Seismic (best and worst case, dashed) 10000 Signal recycling + Squeezing Something worth progressing to… SQL Sketch of expected sensitivity for 3-m prototype Best case total suspension noise 26th IAGRG Allahabad20th January 2011

15. Manpower Training: IndIGO school at Delhi IRC 26th IAGRG Allahabad GRAND SUCCESS! IndIGO school on Gravitational Wave Astronomy held at Delhi University from 13-24 December 2010. Coordinators: Seshadri & Sengupta + SVD Theory, Data Analysis & Experiment Lecturers included: Alan Weinstein (Caltech) B. S. Sathyaprakash (Cardiff) C. S. Unnikrishnan (TIFR) SVD (IUCAA) Students from IITs, IISERs, Universities IndIGO summer internships at international GW laboratories: 6 students Caltech, UTB (2010) – plans to include other groups

16. The first IndIGO School 26th IAGRG Allahabad

17.  Meeting in February 2011 in Delhi – to finalise Indo- Australian collaboration in LIGO-Australia  Funding proposal by Australia and India for LIGO- Australia (2011 – 2017) + operation  Centre for GW Data Analysis  Vigorous programme envisaged in GW Astronomy in the next 6-10 years – more experimental manpower Future Directions

18. 26th IAGRG Allahabad

19. The Experimental Program: Road Map 1) 3 meter scale prototype interferometer with power recycling and displacement sensitivity of 10 -18 m/√Hz above 300 Hz Funded (TIFR) (2011-14) 2) Add signal recycling and squeezed light to match the best of prototypes Funded (2015) 3) Leverage Indo-US and Indo-Australian exchange programs to develop specific expertise in vibration isolation, optical cavities and data handling techniques Indo-US funded (2011- 2014) Indo-Aus. under review 4) Project proposal (Rs. 130 Crores over 8 years) being prepared for participation in LIGO-Australia (participation in vacuum systems, control systems, data handling and data analysis, part from tests and validation). Detector to be built during 2012-2017 with LIGO components and design To be submitted synchronous with Australian proposal to their Govt. this year. 5) Envisage a vigorous GW detection and astronomy program after 6-8 years. But more people to get interested and volunteer for the experimental program. Will also aid in experiments in short range gravity and Casimir force measurements with unprecedented sensitivity: (G. Rajalakshmi and CS Unnikrishnan, CQG, 2011) 26th IAGRG Allahabad20th January 2011

20. 26th IAGRG Allahabad Features: 1)3 m arm-length Michelson interferometer with Fabry-Perot enhancement, mirror size of 15 cm. 2)Finesse of F-P cavity ~ 300 3)Laser power input: ~ 1 W, frequency and amplitude stabilized NPRO Nd:YAG laser or Fiber amplifier enhanced seed NPRO. 4)Power recycling: Yes 5)Signal recycling: to be decided 6)Squeezed light: Planned for later (part of the training feature, will be developed and implemented separately in our optics lab). 7)Vibration isolation: Passive 3-stage, to reach <10 -18 m above 200 Hz. 8)Vacuum: 10 -8 mbar, 3 ion pumps and NEG pumps. 9)Mode cleaner: Fiber based. 10) Sensitivity in actual operation ~ 5x10 -18 m/√Hz above 200 Hz (not aiming for theoretical minimum). 11) Time scale for completion: 2.5 years 12) Laboratory: TIFR, Mumbai, to be shifted to a quieter place later (Hyderabad or Pune). 13) Budget (hopeful, in 2010): ~ 0.6 million US$ 14) Applications: Training, and measurements related to short-range forces and Newtonian gravity.

21. 26th IAGRG Allahabad Formation of the consortium for IndIGO  People from several important institutes have come together to form a consortium – TIFR, RRI, IUCAA, CMI, DU, IISERs, …  The aim of the consortium is to promote and foster Indian Initiative in Gravitational Wave Astronomy  Set up the roadmap and a phased strategy towards the Indian Interferometric Gravitational-wave Observatory (IndIGO) 20th January 2011

22. 26th IAGRG Allahabad The Road Map for IndIGO  3 metre scale prototype : Current C. S. Unnikrishnan & group at T.I.F.R.  Collaboration with LIGO - Australia: Current Ranjan Gupta (IUCAA), Ajai Kumar (IPR), Unnikrishnan (TIFR), RRCAT IndIGO document submitted to directors + other VIP 20th January 2011

23. The sub-committees 26th IAGRG Allahabad Council: B. Iyer (Chair), S. Dhurandhar (spokesperson), C. S. Unnikrishnan & T. Souradeep 3 metre: C. S. Unnikrishnan, G. Rajalakshmi & S. Doravari AIGO deliverables: A. Kumar, R. Gupta & C. S. Unnikrishnan LSC related: S. Dhurandhar, A. Pai & R. Nayak IndIGO homepage: A. Sengupta, S. Mitra, A. Parmeswaran, K. G. Arun & T. Souradeep Workshops/Schools: T. Souradeep, T. Seshadri, Gopakumar, R. Nayak & A. Pai Communications: same as IndIGO homepage

24. Indo-US centre for Gravitational Physics and Astronomy 26th IAGRG Allahabad Project of Indo-US Science and Technology Forum Exchange program to fund mutual visits and facilitate interaction. Nodal centres: IUCAA, India & Caltech, US. Institutions: Indian: IUCAA, TIFR, IISER, DU, CMI - PI: Tarun Souradeep US: Caltech, WSU - PI: Rana Adhikari APPROVED/FUNDED !

25. Key aspects of vacuum and control systems for LIGO Australia 26th IAGRG Allahabad MOU with Australia signed People: Ranjan Gupta, Ajai Kumar & C. S. Unnikrishnan, A. S. Raja Rao (formerly CAT) Feasibility and cost estimate on the basis of LIGO system is being worked out with Hind High Vacuum company, Bangalore. Meeting in Delhi with LIGO and Australians in February 2011 to plan the future steps and deliverables from India Indo-Australian exchange grant: Unnikrishnan & Blair

26. Organisation & Sub-committees of IndIGO consortium 26th IAGRG Allahabad Council AIGO deliverables 3 m prototype LSC IndIGO homepage Workshops Schools Communication Documentation