1. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 3 Underlying Technologies

2. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 CONTENTS LANS POINT-TO-POINT WANS SWITCHED WANS CONNECTING DEVICES

3. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-1 Internet model

4. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 LOCAL AREA NETWORKS (LANS) 3.1

5. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-2 CSMA/CD

6. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Minimum frame length/Transmission rate is proportional to Collision domain / Propagation speed

7. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-3 Ethernet layers

8. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-4 Ethernet frame

9. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-5:a Ethernet implementation

10. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-5:b Ethernet implementation

11. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-5:c Ethernet implementation

12. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-5:d Ethernet implementation

13. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-6:a Fast Ethernet implementation

14. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-6:b Fast Ethernet implementation

15. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-6:c Fast Ethernet implementation

16. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-7:a Gigabit Ethernet implementation

17. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-7:b Gigabit Ethernet implementation

18. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-8:a Token passing

19. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-8:b Token passing

20. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-8:c Token passing

21. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-8:d Token passing

22. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-9 Data frame

23. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-10 MAU

24. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-11:a Spread spectrum techniques

25. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-11:b Spread spectrum techniques

26. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-12 ISM bands

27. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-13 BSSs

28. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-14 ESS

29. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-15 CSMA/CA

30. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 POINT-TO-POINT WANS 3.2

31. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-16 Band for ADSL

32. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-17 PPP frame

33. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 SWITCHED WANS 3.3

34. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-18 Frame Relay network

35. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 A cell network uses the cell as the basic unit of data exchange. A cell is defined as a small, fixed-sized block of information.

36. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-19 ATM multiplexing

37. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-20 Architecture of an ATM network

38. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-21 Virtual circuits

39. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Note that a virtual connection is defined by a pair of numbers: the VPI and the VCI.

40. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-22 An ATM cell

41. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-23 ATM layers

42. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 The IP protocol uses the AAL5 sublayer.

43. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 We will discuss IP over ATM in Chapter 26.

44. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-24:a ATM LAN architecture

45. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-24:b ATM LAN architecture

46. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-24:c ATM LAN architecture

47. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-25 A mixed architecture ATM LAN using LANE

48. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 CONNECTING DEVICES 3.4

49. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-26 Connecting devices

50. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-27 Repeater

51. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 A repeater connects segments of a LAN together.

52. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 A repeater forwards every packet; it has no filtering capability.

53. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-28 Hubs

54. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 A bridge has a table used in filtering decisions.

55. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-29 Bridge

56. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 A bridge connects segments of a LAN together.

57. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 A router is a three-layer (physical, data link, and network) device.

58. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 A repeater or a bridge connects segments of a LAN. A router connects independent LANs or WANs to create an internetwork (internet).

59. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Figure 3-30 Routing example

60. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 A router changes the physical addresses in a packet.