1. The Arizona Research Institute for Solar Energy http://www.azrise.org Joseph H. Simmons, Director Joey Pouliot, Corporate Affiliates program manager University of Arizona

2. UA and the Arizona Research Institute for Solar Energy AzRISE was formed at the University of Arizona in 2007 Initially funded by the Arizona Board of Regents ; Currently funded by several corporate affiliates. AzRISE Economics & Public Policy Technology R & D Education & Outreach AzRISE is composed of faculty, staff and students from the Colleges of:  Engineering  Science  Optical Science  Architecture  Agriculture  Business AzRISE supports about 23 projects with over 60 students.

3. Vision: a world powered by renewable, clean energy where solar energy provides its natural share through the development of economic and efficient conversion devices and reliable energy storage systems. Mission: to enable multi-disciplinary research, development and practical implementation of solar energy solutions to meet our energy needs by creating innovative collaborations in research, economic and public policy analysis and education/outreach. The Arizona Research Institute for Solar Energy

4. List of Major Research Activities Measurements and testing – Solar irradiance, effects of clouds and temperature and long term exposure on PV module behavior and life time expectancy – Weather forecasting for PV output prediction New PV materials – Nanostructures for high efficiency and large area multijunction solar cells – Polymer and hybrid materials for low cost solar cells – Efficient and low cost c-Si processing Storage – Short term and low cost – Long term with high efficiency – Electrified transport Solar Desalination – Temperature-tolerant solar cells – Efficient heat recovery, multi-stage, evaporative desalination systems – Salt recovery and disposal

5. Photo by Jacob Chinn

6. The Tucson Electric Power (TEP) Solar Test yard

7. Daily output over 4 years Normalized Energy Yield kWh / Wp = 5.3 h/day = 1935 h/yr Daily Outputs over 4 years:

8. Measured Degradation Rates

9. AC power every minute shown for 2 days System Area: 21 m 2 Rating: 2.640 kW p Annual Energy Yield: 1700 kWh / kW p Data on-line at: www.UAPV.orgwww.UAPV.org Day in 2010

10. Data – Model shows the intermittency

11. Normalized Power Output

13. Irradiance Forecasting Forecast of GHI (a), DNI (b), and observed cloud cover from MODIS (c) on 27 January, 2012 at 1 pm local time over Arizona. Forecasts were made 31 hours in advance. For updated WRF forecasts see: http://www.atmo.arizona.edu

15. Irradiance Forecast validation

16. Irradiance Forecasting

17. Irradiance Forecastig research using 100 rooftop PV stations