Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byMerryl Gaines Modified over 9 years ago
1
Non-true-experimental Designs, cont. PSY 231 Research Methods in Psychology
2
Announcements Journal Article Summary #2 (or research participation alternative) due in labs this week bring results from group projects to lab GAs will go over plans of analyses with you
3
today Chapter 12—The Correlational Research Strategy Chapter 13—The Descriptive Research Strategy Chapter 10—The Nonexperimental and Quasi- Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs Chapter 14—Single-Subject Research Designs Chapter 15—Statistical Evaluation of Data
4
balance of the validities internal—extent to which a research study produces a single, unambiguous explanation for the relationships between two variables external—extent to which we can generalize the results of a research study to people, settings, times, measures, and characteristics other than those in that study balance depends on level of experimental control
5
threats to internal validity assignment bias history maturation instrumentation testing effects
6
nonexperimental research vs. quasi-experimental research nonexperimental—intended to demonstrate a relationship between variables but does not attempt to explain quasi-experimental—uses some rigor and control of true experiments but contains a flaw that prevents cause-effect remember—true experiments include a control group manipulation of independent variable(s) random assignment to groups
7
nonexperimental research vs. quasi-experimental research both use comparisons between groups or conditions both use nonmanipulated independent variables attempts to control internal validity threats nonexperimental—no quasi-experimental—yes
8
nonexperimental research vs. quasi-experimental research two types between-subjects designs nonequivalent groups within-subjects designs pre-post designs
9
nonequivalent groups designs posttest-only nonequivalent groups assignment bias, no control of time effects nonexperimental participants program measure participantsno program measure
10
example smoker participants training program measure smokersno training program measure
11
nonequivalent groups designs pretest-posttest nonequivalent control design assignment bias, some control of time effects quasi-experimental participantsmeasureprogrammeasure participantsmeasureno programmeasure
12
example no t.v. aggression aggression participantsmeasure t.v.measure t.v. aggression aggression participantsmeasure (no change)measure
13
pre-post designs one-group pretest-posttest design little control of time effects nonexperimental participantsmeasureprogrammeasure
14
example smoker participantsmeasureprogram measure
15
pre-post designs time-series design some control of time effects quasi-experimental measuremeasuremeasuremeasure program measuremeasuremeasuremeasure
16
example 1951195219531954 1955 1959195819571956
17
developmental designs nonmanipulated independent variable—age or time three types cross-sectional longitudinal sequential
18
cross-sectional design different participants, at different ages, studied at same time year of birth19881978196819581948 age at study2030405060 year of study2008
19
cross-sectional design advantages time efficient no long-term cooperation disadvantages no individual changes cohort effects year of birth 19881978196819581948 age at study2030405060 year of study2008
20
longitudinal design same participants, at different ages, studied at different times year of birth1988 age at study2030405060 year of study20082018202820382048
21
longitudinal design advantages no cohort effects assesses individual changes disadvantages time consuming long-term cooperation year of birth1988 age at study2030405060 year of study 20082018202820382048
22
sequential design different participants, at different ages, studied at different times 2030405060 20304050 age at study203040 2030 20 year of study20082018202820382048
23
single-subject designs originally used in behavior modification often seen in clinical and applied settings not used very often in traditional research
24
single-subject designs different from traditional designs usually conducted with one person or a small group much more flexible require continuous assessment
25
single-subject designs baseline observations—no treatment administered baseline phase—series of baseline observations treatment observations—treatment administered treatment phase—series of treatment observations
26
reversal design also called ABAB design behavior is observed during baseline phase (A) treatment phase (B) baseline phase (A) treatment phase (B)
27
reversal design A B A B
28
multiple baseline designs reversal designs may not work need to show treatment is effective across circumstances multiple baseline across subjects behaviors situations
30
single-subject designs advantages establish cause-effect between treatment and behavior integrate experimental research with clinical practice allows flexibility
31
single-subject designs disadvantages cause-effect established for only one person needs multiple observations no statistical control
32
feedback thinking about my 2 lectures… please write down 1 thing you liked please write down 1 thing that you didn’t like/need to improve turn it in on the table along with Rating Sheet #1
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.