1. Creating a sustainable city

2. Recap….  List 2-5 issues we have already learnt about rapid growth of urban areas in Brazil

3. Why?  Urbanisation worldwide  LEDC’s rapidly expanding  Environmental concerns on a global scale

4. Curitiba A model for environmental management in an urban area

6. The problems Which led to……………  Mass unemployment  Transport congestion  Lack of basic services  Growth of slums Rapid urbanisation  1950 – 150,000 people  2011 – 1.6 million

9. The challenges  To get people in work  To create an efficient transport network  To get people in stable housing  To ensure the environment is clean  To provide basic services

10. The solutions – Jaime Lerner, 1960’s  Low cost approach  Working WITH and FOR the people  Not damaging the environment  Jaime took his ideas to the Mayor

12. How a Brazilian City Has Revolutionized Urban Planning  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hRD 3l3rlMpo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hRD 3l3rlMpo

13. THEN WHAT?  The mayor sponsored a competition  Best entries put to architects  IURP was created:  Institute of Urban Research and Planning  JAMIE WAS THEN ELECTED MAYOR AND NOW GOVERNS PARANA

14. THE PLAN 1. Buses 2. Exchange 3. Green Spaces 4. Return home 5. Environmental Law 6. Education 7. No debt BEGREENBEGREEN

15. Buses  Fully Integrated Transport Network  5 radial arterial routes  Express buses go through the central two lanes while local traffic take the outer lanes  Feeder (feeding the arterial routes)  Inter District (between residential areas)

20. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ee AZsmpt7a8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gL _So666mYY Bus Rapid Transit System

21. exchange  A ‘green exchange’ for slum dwellers  Exchange rubbish for  food vouchers  bus tickets  school supplies

23. Green Spaces  1.5 million trees planted  Parks  River walkways  Cycle tracks  “Urban Biodiversity Project”

24. Return home  Social workers set up at bus stations to give free tickets ‘home’  Improve life in the countryside ……… ‘the rural village programme’ land bought and divided up houses and year round work Schools and health facilities in rural areas

25. Environmental law  Strict laws with penalties for breaking them

26. education  ‘lighthouses of knowledge’  40  Basic education skills  A teacher  Internet  books  Police guard

28. No debt  EVERYTHING done on the cheap!  Buses instead of a subway  Local employment  Bottom up and top down approaches TOGETHER  Renewable energy

29. Example exam question  For a city you have studied explain how it was made more sustainable (6) Success criteria:  Use case study specific data  Use a range of examples that cover social, economic and environmental factors  Explain why the schemes are sustainable.

30. Sustainable transport in urban areas

31. 1.Describe the pattern shown on the graph (3) 2.Explain why there may be this pattern(4)

33. Some examples  Bosholt, Germany 1970 – 33% bicycle traffic  Bologna, Italy 2005 – camera controlled car free zone in centre  London – 2003 TfL Congestion Charge £10, 32% decline in traffic jams, revenue ploughed back into public transport  Stockholm, Sweden 2005 – high priced parking for private ‘unclean’ cars  Paris, France 2001 ‘Paris respire’ – no vehicles in CBD at weekends and public holidays  Vienna, Italy, 1999 house owners not allowed a car  Curitiba, 1980’s Fully integrated transport network ITN

34. What can we do?  Car pooling  Car sharing  Traffic calming  Park and ride  Public transport  High speed rail and bus  Light railways  Car free days  Congestion charging  Bicycle lanes  From old railway lines

35. Why is it important? (SEEP)  Social  Community links (social)  Communication and movement of goods/services (efficiency)  Health (asthma)  Safety (accidents)  Education (school children)  Environmental  Stagnant / still / non moving traffic (concentrations of pollutants)  CO2 emissions from exhaust fumes generally  Leading to air / water / ground pollution in the urban area  Photochemical smog  Economic  An efficient movement of workers into CBD – improves ‘output’  More productive people, trade, services  Political  Prestige, in control, progressive, forward thinking

38. Lambeth, 2011 Clapham, 2010

39. Task:  Houston is very car dependent  CAR IS KING  Can you design a transport system for Houston…?  What is already in place?  http://www.greenhoustontx.gov/ http://www.greenhoustontx.gov/

40. HOUSTON BIKE SHARE PROGRAM EXPANDS FLEET TO INCLUDE 21 B-CYCLE STATIONS Bicycles Now Available in Downtown, East End, Midtown, Montrose and the Museum District / Hermann Park April 3, 2013 -- Houston’s Bike Share Program is expanding. Thanks to Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Texas’ (BCBSTX) $750,000 commitment, U.S. DOE funding, widespread use and increased interest, Houston B-cycle will continue to provide healthy and convenient transportation alternatives to residents throughout Downtown, East End, Midtown, Montrose and the Museum District/Hermann Park. Houston B-Cycle is a bike share program that provides a quick transportation alternative for getting around the city. Whether grabbing coffee or commuting to work, Houston B-cycle sets you free from your car and relies on the best alternative fuel: YOU. “Bike Share is a great new transportation program for Houston and with the support of BCBSTX and the DOE we are able to expand our pilot into a thriving program, providing a real commuter and recreational transportation option for workers, residents and visitors, improving health and quality of life,” said Mayor Annise Parker. The pilot program began on May 2, 2012 with B-Cycle stations at City Hall, Market Square Park, and the George R. Brown Convention Center. With the completion of Phase II, bikes are now available at 18 new locations including four located along the METRORail: DOWNTOWN

41. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rV xeauLD6go

42. To what extent do you think Houston is a sustainable city  What has Houston done to try and be more sustainable?  Where is it falling short on sustainability?  What are the difficulties of Houston being sustainable?  What realistic measures could Houston implement to become more sustainable

44. Exam style questions  Using examples, Explain why the management of transport in cities is important?  With reference to case studies, Explain why the efficient movement of people in and around city centres is important?  Using areas you have studied, Describe ways in which transport can be efficiently managed in our city centres.  Outline the challenges that urbanisation of cities has on the transport in an around those cities. Use examples where appropriate