1. CHOICE AND CHANGE The Psychology of Personal Growth and Interpersonal Relationships, 7 th ed. by April O’Connell, Vincent O’Connell, and Lois-Ann Kuntz Chapter 13: VARIATIONS OF CONSCIOUSNESS ISBN: 0-13-189170-7 Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved PowerPoint Slide Set, Version 1.0 by April O’Connell and Lois-Ann Kuntz for

2. Chapter 13 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter you should be able to: 1. List some of the many variations of consciousness 2. Explain our need for sleep and the consequences when we do not get enough sleep 3. Describe the process by which drugs and medications work on our psychophysical mindbody 4. Describe how the abuse of drugs and medications can affect our mindbody 5. State why Freud said he stood with “the Ancients” 6. State how Jungian dream theory differs from Freudian dream theory 7.Describe what Maslow meant by peak experiences Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

3. VARIATIONS OF CONSCIOUSNESS Variations of consciousness are common experiences of everyday life and include: Fantasy and day dreaming Night dreaming Hypnosis Ingredients taken into the body, such as food, alcohol, nicotine, drugs, and medications Effects of illness, fever, and lack of sleep Meditation and meditational prayer Peak experiences Anything you take into your body influences your nervous system such as stimulants, depressants, alcohol, marijuana or hallucinogenic drugs.. Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

4. OUR VITAL NEED FOR GOOD SLEEP Good sleep means at least 8 hours of solid, uninterrupted, sleep. Without REM dreaming sleep, a person may suffer severe personality disintegration. Without this kind of sleep, the person will have poorer focus and concentration and a lower immune system. In particular, high school and college students do not get the sleep they need and their academic performance can suffer. Some of our greatest technological disasters have been attributed to night shift and rotating shift work:  Exxon’s Valdez oil spill  Chernobyl’s atomic plant  India’s Bhopal chemical explosion  hree-Mile Island’s near atomic accident Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

5. VALUES OF DAYDREAMING For personal problem-solving For vocational decision-making To visualize more assertiveness Catharsis for upset emotions Envisioning a better future A source of literary creativity As scientific breakthrough As personality development Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

6. TWO APPROACHES TO DREAMING FREUD: Dreams as the “Royal Road” to the Unconscious Dreams are wish-fulfillment of socially unacceptable desires. Dreams are the “guardians of sleep” by disguising sexual or violent wishes in symbols. Interpreting dreams can catharsize unconscious conflict. Two doves cooing together could mean wishing to bill and coo with s someone who is “off limits” JUNG: Dreams as Wellsprings of Intuition and Wisdom Dreams express both the personal and the collective unconscious. Dreams contain the polarities of human personality which Jung called the Archetypes. Getting in touch with our Archetypes fosters personality integration. Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

7. PEAK EXPERIENCES OCCUR IN MANY WAYS Loving moments with friends and family Joyous birth of a child Contemplative awe of nature Traditional rites and ceremonies Deep reflection, meditation and meditational prayer Excitement of learning Inspiration of music and art Hard-won personal achievement Scientific breakthrough Service to others Recognition of the vast family of humankind Any truly creative act Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved