3. Pre-Unit Review U.S. History
Geography
Pre-Unit Review
U.S. History

4. Lesson Overview Review Geographic Concepts The Landscape of America
Themes of Geography
Map Basics
Physical Geography of the US
Human Geography
Review of Key Terms
Class Activity
Review of the Five Themes of Geography

5. The Landscape of America
Geography: derived from ancient Greek. Geo meaning “earth” and Graphia meaning a “way of writing, drawing or describing”
Geography is more than the study of the land and its people. **It also involves the relationship between people and their environment.
The United States

6. Regions of the U.S.
Just an example, Look at page 2 & 3 in your book

7. Themes of Geography Location: “Where am I?” Place: “What is it like?”
You are Here
Location: “Where am I?”
Absolute location
Use coordinates of Longitude and Latitude to determine location. For example, if you are in Boston, absolute location is approximately 42° north latitude and 71° west longitude.
Relative location– I live 2 miles east of the St.Johns River
Place: “What is it like?”
Refers to physical and human factors that make one place different from another.
Physical factors: plants, animals, weather, natural features, physical setting.
Human factors: Cultural diversity and the things people create such as, language, arts, architecture.

8. Region: defined by certain characteristics that set it apart from another area.
Characteristics might include political division, climate, language, or religion.
What characteristics does Jacksonville share with nearby cities/towns?
Movement: the shifting of people, goods, and ideas from one place to another.
Airports, shipping centers, trains
Human Movement
Information movement
Human-Environment Interaction: the way people interact with the environment around them.
Things like building a dam, or levees.
People have had to invent ways to protect themselves from extreme weather and natural disaster.
What innovations have people made to protect themselves from extreme weather or natural disasters?

9. Map Basics Types of maps
Physical Maps- show terrain like mountains, hills, plains, rivers, lakes, oceans, and other physical features of an area.
Political Maps- show political units like, countries, states, provinces, counties, districts, and towns.
Historical Maps- illustrate things like economic activity, migrations, battles and changing national boundaries.

10. Physical Map 
 Historical Map
Political Map 

11. Reading a Map
Lines- indicate political boundaries, roads and highways, human movement, and rivers and other waterways
b) Symbols- represent such items as capital cities, battle sites, or economic activities
c) Labels- words or phrases that explain various items or activities
d) Compass Rose- Directions
e) Scale- ratio btwn unit of length on a map vs. the unit of distance on the earth
f) Colors- various info like population density, or growth of a country
g) Legend/Key- Explains symbols, lines and colors on a map
h) Lines of Longitude and Latitude- form a grid to indicate an areas location on the globe

12. Turn to page 8-9 in your textbooks
Turn to page 8-9 in your textbooks. We are going to review these map concepts together.

13. Physical Geography of the United States
Land:
3,717,796 square miles that span the entire width of North America.
Several types of bodies of water: Rivers, Lakes, and Oceans
20% of the United States is farmed.
Urban areas cover only about 2% of the country.
Resources:
Coal, oil, and natural gas lie underneath American soil.
Lead, zinc, uranium, gold and silver deposits.
Look at the map on page 11 to examine the nations the Nation’s natural resources.

14. Climate: Vegetation: The US has a variety of climates.
Most of the US experience a continental climate, or a distinct change of seasons.
**Look at the map on page 12 to see the various climates throughout the country.
Vegetation:
Between 20,000 and 25,000 species and subspecies of plants and vegetation across the US.
Over 1,000 different types of trees.
Climate dictates vegetation.
Climate directly affects the types of planted crops throughout the country.
Midwest temperate climate supports wheat, while warm weather of Florida and California allows citrus to be grown.

15. Human Geography of the United States
**Humans Adapt to Their Surroundings
Evidence beginning with Native Americans adapting to the environment.
Humans still adapt today
Building dams, bridges and tunnels.
Inventing and creating materials to withstand natural disasters like earthquakes and hurricanes.
Adapting to the environment by wearing clothes suitable for the weather.
Humans Affect the Environment
Oil spills, Urban Sprawl, Deforestation (Page 17)
Exxon Valdez in the Prince William Sound, AK 1989.
Can you think of a recent event that reflects how humans can affect the environment?

16. Preserving and Restoring
Conservation
Technological advances
Recycling
Can you think of some examples of how humans have tried to preserve or restore the environment we live in?
What are some of the ways you help the environment?
Human Movement
Reasons for people to relocate: cost of living, job availability, climate, population.
Look at the map on page 18.
The spread of ideas an information
Human movement
Technology
How has the internet and technology affected your life?

17. Your Assignment
Describe you and your family using the Five Themes of Geography
Make sure you use every theme
(Hint you have an atlas in the back of your textbook)