1. Kalia Her PHYS 52 Seminar Dr. K November 17, 2014 MEMORY IN THE MAKING HOW THE BRAIN MAKES MEMORIES

4. 1.A little bit of History & Fun Facts 2.How it might work & Different types of Memory 3.What We Still Don’t Know 4.The College Life of Marcus Wallace TABLE OF CONTENTS

5.  Study of Memory dates back 2000 years – Aristole’s time  First hypothesis: Natural and Artificial  1880’s: first scientific approach to Memory by German philosopher Herman Ebbinghaus by conducting experiments  1949: Accepted theory of “neurons that fire together, wire together” – Discovered by Donald Hebb  1968: Atkinson–Shiffrin model A LITTLE BIT OF HISTORY & FUN FACTS

6.  Over 100 billion neurons  Max capacity of our Short-term memory – 7 digits  TV kills your memory – Additional 1 hour per day increases development of Alzheimer’s by 1.3% in later years  The brain produces enough electricity to power a light bulb SOME FUN FACTS

7.  Alexander the Great remembered all the names of his soldiers – just 30,000  Mozart was able to play and write down all the notes from a song he heard – only once SOME MEMORY GURUS

8.  Various Models – currently accepted is “The Working Memory Model”  Three different stages: Encoding, Storage, Retrieval  Main Players: Frontal Cortex, Hippocampus, Neurons  Various factors affect Memory HOW IT MIGHT WORK

9.  Short-term or “working memory”: Present conscienceness – lasts only 20-30 seconds  Long-term  Explicit  Episodic  Semantic  Implicit  Procedural DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEMORY

10.  Used to believe memory was stored in the cortexes – but may not be fully true  Unsure of how exactly regions of the brain know when to store a memory  New discoveries: Hyperthymesia - condition of extremely detailed autobiographical memory  Marilu Henner  Jill Price  Brad Williams WHAT WE STILL DON’T KNOW

11.  Scenario 1: Studying for Calculus 233  Current hypothesis of memory: Working memory model  Frontal Cortex, Sensory Cortex, Thalamus, Hippocampus, Amygdala  Factors for simulation: Emotion, Attention, Number of Study Sessions  How Short-term becomes Long-term  Based on Hebb’s Law THE COLLEGE LIFE OF MARCUS