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Preview p.96 NB p. 95 “Research Methods” Title Page Complete the Fact or Falsehood Activity
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Research Methods pp.18-30
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The Limits of Common Sense Hindsight Bias Overconfidence Confirmation Bias
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The Scientific Attitude The Amazing James Randi http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=pYGjtl gGtY4 Curiosity, Skepticism, and Humility
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The Scientific Attitude How would you design a test for psychic ability? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- sQHYkyq7Hs
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The Scientific Method Hypothesis- a statement of relationship between or among variables; testable prediction Psychologists generate these statements after researching what other scientists have learned and observing variables in the environment
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The Scientific Method Theory- highly researched, rigorously tested frameworks that organize multiple studies under one umbrella of ideas
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What do you know about astrology?
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The Scientific Method Generate a hypothesis based on assumptions you believe astrologers make about human behavior.
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The Scientific method Hypothesis: Personality types are associated with particular zodiac signs 1. Select the personality profile that best describes you and make a note of it below your “preview”
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The Scientific Method Aries (March 21-April 19) Taurus (April 20- May 20) Gemini (May 21- June 21) Cancer (June 22- July 22) Leo (July 23- August 22) Virgo (August 23- September 22) Libra (September 23- October 22) Scorpio (October 23- November 21) Sagittarius (November 22- December 21) Capricorn (December 22- January 19) Aquarius (January 20-February 18) Pisces (February 19- March 20)
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The Scientific Method E - Aries (March 21-April 19) B - Taurus (April 20- May 20) C - Gemini (May 21- June 21) A - Cancer (June 22- July 22) F - Leo (July 23- August 22) D - Virgo (August 23- Sept 22) K - Libra (Sept 23- Oct 22) H - Scorpio (October 23- November 21) I - Sagittarius (November 22- December 21) L - Capricorn (Dec 22- Jan 19) J - Aquarius (January 20- February 18) G - Pisces (February 19- March 20)
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The Scientific Method Independent Variable: Zodiac Sign Dependent Variable: Choice of Personality Profile
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The Scientific Method Chance Responding: On the basis of chance alone, 16.6% of responses should be correct (1 in 6 chance) Probability: All 12 profiles would have made it harder to select the correct description by chance alone Statistical Significance: Statistical procedures enable researchers to determine whether differences are due to chance.
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Confounding Variables Can people accurately select personality profiles for themselves? Select a profile that is more socially desirable? Familiar with astrology? Signs of the Sample
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Operational Definitions Defines what the researcher is observing and manipulating 1. Measurable 2. Manageable 3. Replicable Happiness A smile Intelligence Popularity Good Music
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Case Studies Psychodynamic: Freud developed theory on personality based on case studies. Behaviorism: “Little Albert” and classically conditioned emotions Neuroscience: Paul Broca’s “tan”
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Survey Sampling Representative Sample: Selecting participants that closely match the population studies Sampling Bias: Selecting participants in a manner that does not allow for all potential subjects to have an equal chance of being selected
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Sampling Random sampling: choosing participants at random from a larger population Random assignment: taking a randomly chosen sample and assigning participants at random to either the experimental or control group
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Naturalistic Observation Cafeteria Study Observe the behavior of others during lunch time in the cafeteria 1. Decide on a behavior to observe. 2. Record observations, maintain confidentiality, explain what you are doing if asked. 3. Report findings next class.
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Process p.96 How might the scientific method help us explain the roots of terrorism?
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