1. FASCISM ON THE MOVE 1931-1939

2. I. GLOBAL DEPRESSION A. Europe: still rebuilding from WWI; need to fix up home countries -Britain, France, Italy, Germany B. USA: loaned European countries the $$ they needed to rebuild after WWI  made US stock market increase C. 1929: US stock market crashed  NO MORE US LOANS TO EUROPE Democracy: have to get a majority to agree on every decision Dictators: don’t ask anyone, just take action

3. II. DICTATORS TOOK CONTROL Totalitarianism: gov’t controls all aspects of life Fascism: people’s only loyalty must be to the state (a.k.a. the dictator’s party) THINGS THESE DICTATORS HAD IN COMMON: 1. Require people to give up INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS 2. PROPAGANDA: used to convince people sacrifices are necessary… “Do your part” 3. POLICE STATE: Dictator punishes those who disobey 4. Want to make their country a WORLD POWER

4. A. Emperor Hirohito/Japan Territory he Wanted: Eastern Asia Pacific Islands Australia “Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere”  empire

5. Hirohito’s Actions 1931:Invades Manchuria in China -Blows up own railroad and blames it on Chinese as excuse to invade -Most resource-rich province in China -Gains coal, oil, iron 1937: Conquers ports in southern China -Control of trade in East Asia -League of Nations does not act to stop Japanese aggression

6. B. Benito Mussolini/ Italy Territory he wanted: -Mediterranean Sea Region (return to Roman Empire)

7. Mussolini’s Actions: 1936: Troops fight in Spanish Civil War (Back up Spain’s fascist leader, gain combat experience, 80,000 men) 1939: Italy invades Albania (tiny mountainous nation, gateway to Greece and rest of Mediterranean) 1935: Italy invades Ethiopia (a desert colony; poison gas, tanks, and bombers; show of force)

8. Joseph Stalin/U.S.S.R. Territory he wanted: -Eastern European countries (Poland, Romania, etc) -Warm-water port (Black Sea) Stalin’s Actions: 1939: Took over Estonia -Tiny Baltic nation -Buffer against Western influence -Naval ports

9. “Buffer Zone” for Soviet Union???

10. Adolf Hitler/ Germany Territory he wanted: -Lands taken from Germany by Treaty of Versailles (end of WWI) -Lands to East of Germany (Lebensraum=“living space” for Aryan race)

11. Hitler’s Actions 1936: Troops occupied the Rhineland -Forbidden by Treaty of Versailles -Britain & France focused on Depression, fail to stop Hitler 1936: Troops fight in Spain’s Civil War -Gain combat experience, practice strategy of “blitzkrieg” (lightning war) 1938: Announces “Union” with Austria -Gave Austria option of voting to join Germany or be invaded -Another German-speaking land

12. Actions to Get Territory (continued) 1938: Munich Conference -Hitler, Mussolini, British and French (Allied) leaders (Chamberlain, Daladier) -Allies: won’t stop Germany from taking Sudetenland (German part of Czecho-slovakia) -Hitler: Sudetenland will be his last demand

13. “APPEASEMENT” -Appeasement: Allied strategy for peace with Hitler: give in to demands, prevent war -This is how the Allies reacted in response to Hitler’s aggression -Chamberlain: “I believe it means peace for our time”…thought Hitler could be trusted

14. Actions to Get Territory Germany Invades Czechoslovakia (’39) -Uses bases in Sudetenland -Britain and France: if you invade Poland, we’re declaring war Non-Aggression Pact (’39): treaty btw. Germany and USSR (Hitler and Stalin) 1) Ger. and USSR not to attack each other 2) SECRET PART: Germany and USSR will both invade Poland and split it between the two countries

15. WORLD WAR TWO 1939 Hitler invades Poland, Allies declare war Allies=Britain, France Axis Powers= Germany, Italy, Japan (Tripartite Agreement, 1937) USA declared neutrality

16. ON SCRAP PAPER: Answer these questions… 1)What is Fascism? 2) What is Totalitarianism? 3) What do they both have in common? 4) Why are fascism and totalitarianism “un- American” ideas?

17. USA Reacts to Fascism’s Spread Neutrality Acts: passed by Congress 1935 and 1936 -No US sale of weapons to warring nations -No US travel on ships of warring nations -No US credit to warring nations (must pay cash for goods; non-military items only) FDR and military: asked Congress for &1.3 billion military budget 1939 -Wanted US to be prepared in case of attack

18. Threat from Japan Japan attacks China 1931-37: FDR approves small loans to China, urges boycott of Japanese silk Trade Embargo 1940: FDR bans shipment of iron, steel, oil to Japan Japan must conquer more colonies to obtain these resources Japan’s Admiral Yamamoto: USA is only threat to Japan’s goal of expansion in Pacific Ocean

19. Closer to War Sept. 1940 Destroyer-Landbase Deal: USA gives Britain 50 old destroyer ships, gets naval bases in Canada, Caribbean, South America Sept 1940 Selective Service Act: all men btw. 21-35 register for military draft, can only serve within W. Hemisphere Over 1 million men drafted and trained for service in Army, Navy, Marines

20. FDR: U.S. will be “Arsenal of Democracy” Jan. 6, 1941: “Four Freedoms” Speech: US must lend Britain weapons to fight war Britain now facing “the Blitz”: continued bombing by German air force US has to support all nations who want to fight to keep alive human freedoms Congress later approved “Lend-Lease Act” (1941), US economically at war with Germany