1. All About Bones
The Skeletal System

2. Do Now (Fri)
How many bones
can you name?

3. Bones to Know: Appendicular Skeleton: Axial Skeleton: Skull
Pectoral Girdle
Scapula
Clavicle
Upper Limb
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Pelvic Girdle
Pelvis
Lower Limb
Femur
Patella
Fibula
Tibia
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Axial Skeleton:
Skull
Hyoid Bone
Vertebral Column
Vertebrae
Thoracic Cage
Ribs
Sternum

4. Axial and Appendicular

5. Axial Portion

6. Skull

7. What about that Hyoid bone..

8. Vertebrate

9. Ribs

10. Sternum

12. Appendicular Portion

13. Pelvis

14. Clavicle

15. Scapula

16. What is the common name for the clavicle?
What is the common name for the scapula?

17. Humerus

18. Radius and Ulna

19. Carpals

20. Metacarpals

21. Phalanges

24. Femur

25. Patella

26. Tibia and Fibula

28. Tibia/Fibula vs Radius/Ulna

29. Tarsals

30. Metatarsals

31. Phalanges

32. Tarsal Bones vs Carpal Bones

33. Types of Bones

34. How many bones are there??
In a newborn
there are 300!!!!!

35. How many bones are there?
In an adult, that are 206!!!
That is almost 100 fewer than infants.

36. What is the largest bone?
The Femur!

37. What is the smallest bone?

38. Exit Ticket
Name the bones listed below. 4 3 1 5 2

39. Skeletal Disorders
All About Bones

40. DO NOW Can you name any skeletal disorders?
What do you know about them?
What would you like to know?

41. Skeletal Disorder Assignment
Research 1 Skeletal Disorder {>2 questions to find the answer to} to share with the class.
 There will be one question about this topic on the test.

42. Fractures

43. Activity
Create a foldable (like the one we did for the organ systems) that details the different types of fractures.
Name the fracture
Give the definition of the fracture
Draw it
Classify the difficulty to heal (how do bones heal, what process?)
There are 9 different fractures
Compression fractures: usually occurs in the vertebrae, for example when the front portion of a vertebra in the spine collapses due to osteoporosis (a medical condition which causes bones to become brittle and susceptible to fracture, with or without trauma).
Other types of fracture are:
Complete fracture: A fracture in which bone fragments separate completely.
Incomplete fracture: A fracture in which the bone fragments are still partially joined. In such cases, there is a crack in the osseous tissue that does not completely traverse the width of the bone.[4]
Linear fracture: A fracture that is parallel to the bone's long axis.
Transverse fracture: A fracture that is at a right angle to the bone's long axis.
Oblique fracture: A fracture that is diagonal to a bone's long axis.
Spiral fracture: A fracture where at least one part of the bone has been twisted.
Comminuted fracture: A fracture in which the bone has broken into a number of pieces.
Impacted fracture: A fracture caused when bone fragments are driven into each other.
Avulsion fracture: A fracture where a fragment of bone is separated from the main mass.

44. Exit Ticket Which fracture do you think are the hardest to mend? Why?
Which fracture do you think are the easiest to mend? Why?

45. Males vs. Females
All About Bones

46. Take Notes on slides
How can you distinguish between males and females?
Don’t just make a list, describe the differences.

47. Activity You are a world-renowned bone expert.
You just received an urgent call from your Supervisor. He has informed you that a jogger has discovered a body in the woods. The body is nearly decayed and the police need to know if the victim is male or female.

48. Some clues
There are distinct difference in the bones that distinguish males from females

49. The Pelvis Female Pelvic bones Broader sciatic notch
Raised auricular surface
Males Pelvic Bones
Narrower sciatic notch
Flat auricular surface

50. The Pelvis
Figure 1. Female and male pelvic bones. (Source: Smithsonian Institution)

51. Male or Female?
Figure 2. Pelvic bone of the skeleton in the cellar. (Source: Smithsonian Institution) Male

52. Male or Female?
Male

53. Male or Female?
Female

54. Male or Female?
Male

55. Skull Male skulls Larger than females Larger brow ridge
Sloping, less rounded forehead
Larger projections behind ears
Square chin
Greater definition of muscle attachment areas on the back of the head

56. Skull: Male

57. Skull Female Smoother bone surfaces where muscles attach
Less pronounced brow ridges
More vertical forehead
Sharp upper margins of the eyes orbits
Smaller projections behind the ears
Chin more pointed
Larger, obtuse angle of the jaw

58. Skull: Female

59. Male or Female?
Female

60. Male or Female?
Female

61. Male or Female?
Male

62. Checklist for examining the skull
For each category, describe what you see and determine male or female for that feature.
Brow ridge
Neck muscle attachments
Mastoid Process
Upper eye orbit margin
Angle of jaw
Chin
From there you can make a better estimate as to the sex.

63. Exit Ticket
What is the easiest way to determine the gender (using the skeleton) of an individual, and why?

64. Off you go!!
Work in small groups to determine the sex of the skeleton.
Turn in work individually!

65. Determining Your Height
All About Bones

66. Do Now
Which bones do you think would be the best for determining the height of an individual. Defend your answer.
You must pick one bone.

67. Determining Height from Bone Length
It is possible to determine the height of an individual based on the length of one bone.
This is useful because sometimes all that police recover is a few bones.

68. Activity
In this activity you will calculate the height of the person by looking at the
Bones in the arm.
Which are?
And the bones in the leg.

69. Activity Break into groups of 4.
Pick 1 person in your group to be the test subject.
2 of you will measure the arm bones
2 of you will measure the leg bones
Use the appropriate equations to figure height
Construct a Data Table to record and make calculations
Then compare your results to actual height
How accurate are you to the actual height of the person?
Which equation is more accurate?

70. Important Equations: Arms
Using the Humerus
Males
Height = (length of humerus x 2.9)
Females
Height = (length of humerus x 2.8)
Using the Radius
Height = (length of radius x 3.3) + 34
Female
Height = (length of radius x 3.3) + 32

71. Important Equations: Legs
Using the Tibia
Males
Height = (2.42 x tibia length in cm)
Female
Height = (2.90 x tibia length in cm)
Using the femur
Height = (2.32 x length of femur in cm)
Height = (2.47 x length of femur in cm)

72. Exit Ticket
In some cases all that a forensics team has to go on is a bone.
What are your conclusions regarding the level of accuracy you can obtain in predicting height based on one or two bones?