1. Volcanic processes

2. Yes No YesNo Yes No « grey » volcanoes More explosive Andesitic Subductions « red » volcanoes Less explosive Basaltic Intra-plate Volcanic processes and types

3. Dynamic types related to magma/water interactions Dynamic types related to dissolved bubbles Dynamic types related to domes growth and collapse Dynamic types related to lava flows etc. Destruction of volcanic edifices Complex edifices

4. Magma viscosity Figure 4-1. a. Calculated viscosities of anhydrous silicate liquids at one atmosphere pressure, calculated by the method of Bottinga and Weill (1972) by Hess (1989), Origin of Igneous Rocks. Harvard University Press. b. Variation in the viscosity of basalt as it crystallizes (after Murase and McBirney, 1973), Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 84, 3563-3592. c. Variation in the viscosity of rhyolite at 1000 o C with increasing H 2 O content (after Shaw, 1965, Amer. J. Sci., 263, 120-153).

6. Mount Saint-Helens: The post-18 May dome

10. Figure 4-7. Schematic cross section through a lava dome.

13. Secondary ash fall (+local surges)

17. Dome growth and collapse Cortex of the dome « chills », interior still hot Steep slopes, local collapse –Breccias –Pyroclastic flows: « block and ash flow » Dense flow, rich in blocks Smaller scale than plinian!!

18. Montagne-Pelée, Martinique (lesser Antilles)

19. Saint-Pierre, before

20. Saint-Pierre, after

25. Yes No YesNo Yes No « grey » volcanoes More explosive Andesitic Subductions « red » volcanoes Less explosive Basaltic Intra-plate Volcanic processes and types

26. Dynamic types related to magma/water interactions Dynamic types related to dissolved bubbles Dynamic types related to domes growth and collapse Dynamic types related to lava flows etc. Destruction of volcanic edifices Complex edifices

27. Lava lakes

28. Eruptive fissures

30. Bubbles

34. Scenic volcanoes! Stromboli (Italy)

35. Scoria cones

36. Piton de la Fournaise (Réunion, Indian Ocean)

38. Cones groupe in Réunion

39. Puy de Pariou (France) (note also the pelean dome of Puy de Dome at the back)

40. Scoria cones

42. Disrupted cones

43. Cones and lava flows

46. Etna (Italy)

47. Strange things lava flows do…

51. No, there is nobody here – it is just a weird but completely natural shape…

52. Multiple lava flows Piton de la Fournaise (Réunion, Indian Ocean)

53. Rift zone

55. Aa and Pahoehoe

57. Lava caves

58. Prismation

61. Scoria base