1. SAFE FOOD – BETTER BUSINESS
DR. P. VINCENT HEGARTY
Founding Director and Professor Emeritus
INSTITUTE for FOOD LAWS and REGULATIONS
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, USA
TGDF FOOD CONGRESS 2013, Antalya, Turkey

2. MAIN POINTS SAFE FOOD - BETTER BUSINESS
Food Standards Agency (UK)
GOVERNMENT, INDUSTRY, UNIVERSITIES, CONSUMERS ALL HAVE A ROLE TO PLAY
TURKEY’S FOOD EXPORTS TO THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU) AND TO THE USA
FDA and FSMA (Food Safety Modernization Act, 2011)
TURKEY and CODEX ALIMENTARIUS

3. IS OUR FOOD SAFE?

5. FOOD LAWS & REGULATIONS
GOVERNMENT Create/Monitor
CONSUMERS
FOOD INDUSTRY Implement
UNIVERSITIES Analyze/Educate

6. CREATING FOOD LAWS and REGULATIONS
GOOD SCIENCE – GOOD FOOD LAWS and REGULATIONS
US EXAMPLE: Food safety laws (e.g. FSMA) drafted by relevant government agencies with input from ALL interested parties --- industry, consumers, etc.
ALL stages of development of the law are published in Federal Register with requested inputs from ALL parties
Finished law sent to US Congress for approval vote. If approved, sent to US President for signature. Relevant government agencies then apply the law
ALL resulting regulations, rules, guidelines etc. are developed by US government agencies with input from ALL interested parties
Draft: A Guide to Developing and Updating Food Laws and Regulations.

7. IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL FOOD LAWS and REGULATIONS
US EXAMPLE:
FDA (Food and Drug Administration) safety and labeling of most foods, dietary supplements, bottled water
USDA (US Department of Agriculture) safety of meat, poultry and certain egg products
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) pesticides, non-bottled water
CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) investigates local and nationwide outbreaks of foodborne illness
Direct access to important food safety laws, e.g. Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA):

8. EU: RASFF NOTIFICATIONS http://ec. europa
China
India
TURKEY
Germany
USA
Spain
Italy
Thailand
France
Brazil

9. EU INSPECTIONS: TURKEY http://ec.europa.eu/food/fvo/ir_search_en.pdf
(6684) Pesticides
(6292) Aflatoxin --- hazelnuts, dried figs
(6544) Fishery products
(6575) Milk
(8887) Fishery products
(6029) Pesticides
(8863) Contaminants --- Live animals and animal products
(8583) Pesticides
(8381) Plant health --- Synchytrium endobioticum

10. EU INSPECTIONS: TURKEY (Continued:
(8251) Animal health --- poultry meat products
(8165) Pesticides
(7878) Milk and milk-based products
(7644) Fishery products
(7858) Mycotoxin contamination
(7385) Animal/Public health General
(7323) Residues and contaminants
(7200) Pesticides
(7356) Poultry, poultry meat, poultry meat products

11. EU INSPECTIONS: TURKEY (Continued:
(8199) Milk and milk-based products --- casings
(8101) Mycotoxin contamination
(7502) Residues & contaminants: Live animals & animal products
(7077) Pesticides
(9130) Poultry
(9105) Aflatoxin --- hazelnuts and dried figs
(9114) Food irradiation facility
25 inspections – 2013; pesticide inspections;
4 aflatoxin/mycotoxin; fishery products

12. EU: BORDER REJECTIONS (2012) http://ec. europa
MYCOTOXINS
PESTICIDE RESIDUES
PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS
POOR OR INSUFFICIENT CONTROLS
HEAVY METALS
ADULTERATION / FRAUD
FOREIGN BODIES
COMPOSITION
FOOD ADDITIVES and FLAVOURINGS
MIGRATION
NON-PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS
LABELLING

13. FDA: IMPORT REFUSALS: TURKEY www. accessdata. fda
FDA: IMPORT REFUSALS: TURKEY
09/2013 Roasted garbanzos Unsafe color, Yellow #5 08/2013 Grape leaves, stuffed Pesticide 08/2013 Spaghetti Misbranding, Nutrition label 07/2013 Fresh trout fillet Filthy 07/2013 Organic raisins Filthy 07/2013 Pomegranate juice Misbranding, Adulteration 07/2013 Ground oregano Filthy 06/2013 Black olives No process

14. FDA: IMPORT VIOLATIONS BY FOOD PRODUCT www.fda.gov
16% Seafood
15% Vegetables
9% Fruits
8% Spices, Flavors, Salts
8% Non-chocolate Candy
8% Bakery Products
4% Multi-food Dinners
4% Soft-drinks and Water
4% Chocolate and Cocoa

15. “ENSURING SAFE FOODS AND MEDICAL PRODUCTS THROUGH STRONGER REGULATORY SYSTEMS ABROAD” Institute of Medicine,
“Food safety in the United States depends on systems in faraway places …. The FDA cannot do its job well without substantive improvements in the capacity of its counterpart agencies in emerging economies.”
US FOOD IMPORTS: $41 billion (1998) $78 billion (2007)
Approx 16% of all food eaten in the US is imported --- from 200 countries and over 250,000 foreign companies
15% fruits % vegetables 80% seafood is IMPORTED

16. FDA: FOOD IMPORTS (2011) www. fda
FDA: FOOD IMPORTS (2011)
2011:
10,439, Total food import lines in 2011
2.3% or 243, Food import lines physically examined
ALL imports are screened using an automated system
Import examination costs:
~$170 per field exam
~$2,800 per sample analyzed

17. FDA: FOOD SAFETY MODERNIZATION ACT (FSMA) www. fda
FDA: FOOD SAFETY MODERNIZATION ACT (FSMA)
FOOD IMPORTS:
Importer accountability
Third party certification
Certification for high risk foods
Voluntary qualified importer program
Authority to deny entry

18. TOP 10 REASONS TO ACT NOW ON FSMA COMPLIANCE
1) Prevention vs. Reaction 2) New rules are detailed --- know them NOW 3) Multiple rule compliance 4) Training 5) Return on investment 6) Improve food safety 7) Brand protection 8) Move towards or maintain certification to a GFSI-benchmarked scheme 9) Best practices for continuous improvement 10) Just do it

19. TURKEY: CODEX COMMITTEE ATTENDANCE www. codexalimentarius
TURKEY: CODEX COMMITTEE ATTENDANCE
CCFH CCCF CCFA CCPR CCFL CCFICS CCFFV
NO YES NO NO YES NO NO
YES YES NO NO NO NO
NO YES NO NO NO NO
YES YES NO NO NO NO NO
YES YES NO YES YES YES
YES YES NO YES NO NO NO
NO YES NO NO YES NO YES
FH = Food Hygiene; CCCF = Contaminants; FA = Additives; PR = Pesticides;
FL = Labelling; FICS = Food Import/Export; FFV = Fresh Fruits and Vegetables

20. No, those aren’t my diplomas.
Nature Biotechnology,Vol. 17, May 1999
No, those aren’t my diplomas.

21. EU CONSUMERS --- COUNTRIES DIFFER IN BUYING GM FOODS
Euroborometer 58.0 “Europeans and Biotechnology in 2002”

22. Winner 2003 ADEC National Excellence in Distance Education Award
Codex Alimentarius * OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health * IPPC (International Plant Protection Convention)
United States * European Union * Canada * Latin America * Middle East * Asia * International Food Laws
Winner 2003 ADEC National Excellence in Distance Education Award
All courses

23. THANK YOU
TESEKKUR EDERIM
GO RAIBH MAITH AGAIBH