2. Using Phrases Language Network Using Verbs Language Network

3. Using Verbs Using Verb Tenses Here’s the Idea Using Simple Tenses Using Perfect Tenses Why It Matters Practice and Apply

4. Verb Tense A tense is a verb form that shows the time of an action or condition. Here’s the Idea

5. English verbs have six tenses. Simple Tenses Present, Past, Future Perfect Tenses Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect Here’s the Idea

6. Use tenses to indicate whether an action or condition is in the past, the present, or the future, and to indicate how events are related in time. Here’s the Idea

7. The present tense shows that an action or condition I like to read about real-life adventures. is occurring in the present occurs regularly is constantly or generally true like Here’s the Idea

8. Yossi Ghinsberg explored the rain forests near the Tuichi River. explored The past tense shows that an action or condition occurred in the past. Here’s the Idea

9. The future tense shows that an action or condition will occur in the future. When you get to the part where Yossi has been left in the rain forest, you will be eager to find out what happens to him. will be Here’s the Idea

10. The present perfect shows that an action or condition So far, I have learned that Yossi is a young Israeli man who is on an adventure through the rain forests of Bolivia. have learned was completed at one or more indefinite times in the past began in the past and continues in the present Here’s the Idea

11. The past perfect shows that an action or condition in the past preceded another past action or condition. After the men had experienced difficult travel for several weeks, two of them gave up and headed back to civilization on foot. had experienced Here’s the Idea

12. The future perfect shows that an action or condition in the future will precede another future action or condition. You may wonder if any wild animals will have attacked Yossi before he reaches the nearest village. will have attacked Here’s the Idea

13. Choosing the correct verb tense allows you to be clear about when events occur in time. Why It Matters

14. Replace the underlined verb with the correct tense. Even now, William Shakespeare has ranked as the greatest writer in English. 1. Practice and Apply

15. Replace the underlined verb with the correct tense. Shakespeare has grown up in a middle-class family. 2. Practice and Apply

16. Replace the underlined verb with the correct tense. When theaters closed because of the plague, Shakespeare writes poetry. 3. Practice and Apply

17. Replace the underlined verb with the correct tense. Not much was known today about his private life. 4. Practice and Apply

18. Using Verbs Shifts in Tense Here’s the Idea Why It Matters Practice and Apply

19. Switch tenses only as needed for clarity or style. Improper or unnecessary shifts will make your writing awkward and confusing. Here’s the Idea

20. Stick with one tense when describing actions related to a single period or event or when writing about a series of events. Michiko finished her history assignment and turned on a public television channel. PAST TENSE finished PAST TENSE turned Here’s the Idea

21. When you are describing an event as a point of reference for another event, you can shift from a perfect tense to a simple tense. Michiko had been at the library for an hour when she found a book about Alaska. PAST PERFECT TENSE had been found PAST TENSE Here’s the Idea

22. Mixing verb tenses unnecessarily can confuse your readers. Keep verb tenses consistent unless you have a good reason not to. Why It Matters

23. Choose the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Sandra Cisneros (grows, grew) up in Chicago. 5. Practice and Apply

24. Choose the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Because she felt lonely as a child, Cisneros (read, will read) books for comfort. 6. Practice and Apply

25. Choose the correct form of the verb in parentheses. By the time Cisneros published her first book, she already (spent, had spent) time teaching high-school dropouts. 7. Practice and Apply

26. Choose the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Cisneros’s readers enjoy her books, which (combine, combined) fiction and poetry. 8. Practice and Apply

27. Active and Passive Voice Using Verbs Here’s the Idea Why It Matters Practice and Apply

28. A group of 16 countries constructed the International Space Station. When a verb’s subject performs the action expressed by the verb, the verb is in the active voice. PERFORMER OF ACTION group of 16 countries VERB constructed Here’s the Idea

29. The International Space Station was constructed by a group of 16 countries. When a verb’s subject receives the action expressed by a verb, the verb is in the passive voice. RECEIVER OF ACTION The International Space Station was constructed VERB Here’s the Idea

30. Use the passive voice only when you want to emphasize the receiver of the action or when the performer of the action is not known. Here’s the Idea

31. The space station is being visited by astronauts. Here’s how to change passive voice to active voice: 1. Determine the verb and the performer 1. of the action. Here’s the Idea

32. 2. Move the performer of the action 2. before the verb and change the verb 2. to the active voice. Astronauts is visiting the space station. Here’s the Idea

33. 3. Make sure the verb agrees in number 2. with the new subject. Astronauts are visiting the space station. Here’s the Idea

34. If you use the passive voice too often, it can make your writing vague and lifeless. Why It Matters

35. Rewrite the sentence to change the verb from the passive voice to the active voice. Numerous plays and short stories were written by Kurt Vonnegut. 9. Practice and Apply

36. Rewrite the sentence to change the verb from the passive voice to the active voice. Vonnegut was captured by the Germans during World War II. 10. Practice and Apply

37. Rewrite the sentence to change the verb from the passive voice to the active voice. He was assigned by his captors to work in Dresden, Germany. 11. Practice and Apply

38. Rewrite the sentence to change the verb from the passive voice to the active voice. This experience was described by Vonnegut in Slaughterhouse Five. 12. Practice and Apply