1. Direct / Indirect Speech
Paul said that he was feeling ill.
I am feeling
ill!

2. Paul said, “I am feeling ill”.
 Paul said that he was feeling ill.
What are the changes?
No speech markers (, “”) in the Indirect Speech.
We added that (optional)
Pronoun change (I  He)
Tense change ( am was)

3. Pronoun change I  He /she You  He /she/ they
The doctor said, “You are getting better”.
The doctor said that she was getting better.
You are getting better!

4. Jane said, “They are my friends”.  Jane said they were her friends.
My his/her
Jane said, “They are my friends”.
 Jane said they were her friends.
They are my friends

5. Me him/her
Jane said, “He loved me”.
 Jane said he had loved her.
He loved me.

6. It is mine! Mine his/hers Jane said, “It is mine”.
 Jane said it was hers.
It is mine!

7. Tense change
In general, the present form in direct speech changes to the past form in reported speech:
am/is  was
are  were
do/does  did
have/has  had
will  would
can  could
want/like/know/go etc. wanted/liked/knew/went etc.
The past simple can stay the same or you can change it to the past perfect (had done / had seen / had known etc.)

8. “My parents are very well”.
James said that his parents were very well.

9. He said that his father had been in New York.
My father has been
in New York.
He said that his father had been in New York.

10. “I'm going to learn to drive.”
Jenny said that she was going to learn to drive.

11. Jason said they could finish in time.
“We can
finish in
time”.
Jason said they could finish in time.

12. I watched TV and I did my homework.
Sami said that he had watched TV and he had done his homework.

13. Change of time and place reference
"I saw him today", she said.
She said that she had seen him that day.
today
that day

14. the day before yesterday "I saw him yesterday"
He said that he had seen him the day before.