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Published byTheodora Carroll Modified over 9 years ago
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ENVE 201 Environmental Engineering Chemistry 1 Fluoride Dr. Aslıhan Kerç
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Fluoride Removal of fluoride Addition of fluoride to optimum levels SIGNIFICANCE OF HIGH F - Cause mottled enamel (dental fluorisis)>2.0 mg/L If value < 1- 1.5 mg/L no problem
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Excessive dosage of fluoride result in bone fluorisis > 5 mg/L Removal of fluoride passing water through defluoridation media such as tricalcium phosphate, bone char, bone meal, activated alumina
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LOW FLUORIDE If F decreases, the dental caries increases. 1 mg/L F - desirable for optimal dental health.
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Chemistry of Fluorine F 2 Among most active elements known Forms simple Fluoride compounds and complex ions.
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Fluoride added to public water supplies in the form of ; NaF CaF 2 HF Na 2 SiF 6 (sodium silicofluoride) H 2 SiF 6 (hydrofluosilisic acid) (NH 4 ) 2 SiF 6 (ammonium silico fluoride )
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Methods of Determination Electrode Method Colorimetric Procedures Ion Chromotography ISE ( Ion Selective Electrode)
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USEPA MCL for Fluoride 4mg/L To protect against crippling skeletal fluorisis Secondary MCL (not enforcable) 2 mg/L To protect against dental fluorisis
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