1. Parts of the Brain 

2. How do we study the brain?

3. Accidents
Case study analysis of brain injuries
IE. Phineas Gage

4. Phineas Gage Video While you watch think about these questions:
What part of the brain deals with emotions
What part of the brain deals with judgment

5. Lesions Lesioning is the removal or destruction of part of the brain.
IE. Lobotomy

6. Essential Questions What are the key functions of the brain?
What are the parts for responsible?

7. Divisions of the Brain

8. I. The Hindbrain

9. basic biological functions 3 main parts:
Hindbrain
basic biological functions
3 main parts:
Medulla
Cerebellum
Pons

10. Hindbrain parts
There are three brain areas associated with the Hindbrain (some parts are associated with Brain Stem):
Medulla
Cerebellum
Pons

13. Hindbrain parts Medulla: breathing, heart rate and blood pressure…
Cerebellum: coordinates voluntary movements and balance (along with the BASIL GANGLIA)
Pons: sleep center (among many other things)

14. Partner Up Get a simile summary for the group of two
You may pick any part of the hindbrain and make up a simile
Have fun with this!

15. II. The Midbrain

16. Midbrain hearing and sight pupil dilation and eyeball movement
located between the hindbrain and the forebrain
simple muscle movements with changes in sensory information
hearing and sight
pupil dilation and eyeball movement

18. III. The Forebrain

19. Forebrain thoughts and reason 5 main regions: Thalamus Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Amygdala
The Cerebral Cortex

20. Limbic System

21. Limbic System
includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala
“emotional brain”
helps regulate memory, aggression, fear, hunger, and thirst

22. Thalamus receives sensory input from all of the senses except smell
routes input to the proper area of the brain for processing
“relay center”
controls the electrical currents in the brain

25. Hypothalamus
maintenance activities: eating, drinking, fight/flight, and sexual arousal
(Four f’s)…
Controls the pituitary gland

28. Hippocampus
memory processing

29. Amygdala emotions, especially those of aggression, rage, and fear
In stressful situations, where teens make some of their decisions

31. Cerebral Cortex
intricate, wrinkled covering of the brain (FISSURES), Covers the brain’s lower level structures
ultimate control and information processing center
~ 30 billion nerve cells

34. Cerebral Cortex In addition to interneurons, it contains GLIAL CELLS
guide neural connections, provide nutrients to myelin, and mop up neurotransmitters

35. Partner Up Get a simile summary for the group of two
You may pick any part of the forebrain and make up a simile
Have fun with this!

36. Cerebral Cortex split into two halves or Hemispheres: Right Hemisphere
Left Hemisphere
The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by the CORPUS CALLOSUM

37. Hemispheres of the Brain

40. Video
Corpus Callosum

41. Contralateral Control

42. Hemispheric Differences
“Left-brained” and “right-brained” debunked
Brain is divided into two hemispheres but works as a single entity
Both sides continually communicate via the corpus callosum

43. Plasticity The ability of the brain tissue to take on new functions
Greatest in childhood
Important if parts of the brain are damaged or destroyed
The Story of Jodie

44. Split Brain Procedures
What is the role of the corpus callosum?
What happens if we cut the corpus callosum?

45. LET’S LOOK AT THE LOBES!!!!

46. The Cerebral Cortex is split into four LOBES:
The FRONTAL LOBE
The TEMPORAL LOBE
The PARIETAL LOBE
The OCCIPITAL LOBE

48. Frontal Lobes just behind the forehead
involved in making plans and judgments
abstract thought, speaking, muscle movements
“Broca’s area”

50. Temporal Lobes Found near the ears Involved in hearing
Memory retrieval

52. Parietal Lobes behind the frontal lobes
general processing, including mathematical reasoning
association lobes
synesthesia
sensation and motor control

54. Occipital Lobes Located in the back of the head
The primary visual processing area

56. Freud Tore (his) Pants Off

59. Motor Cortex At the rear of the frontal lobes
Controls voluntary movement
receives messages from the rest of the brain and then sends messages to muscles
contralateral

61. Somatosensory Cortex Located in the front of the parietal lobes
Registers and processes body senses
Soma is Greek for “body”