1. LIBERAL AND ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY

2. READINGS Smith, Democracy, chs. 9-11 Modern Latin America, ch. 4 (Central America) NB: Optional paper due May 28

3. ANALYTICAL PAPER 8-10 pages (double-spaced) Prior approval of topic by TA kdove@ucsd.edu Define a question or “puzzle” Explain choice of country (or site) Describe sources Present evidence Conclude with (tentative) answer to question

4. DETECTING ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY

5. The Rise of Electoral Democracy, 1972-2004

6. THE CONCEPT OF ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY Distinct Dimensions of Democracy: Free and Fair Elections Citizen Rights Systematic Curtailment of Citizen Rights

7. Democracy, Elections, and Citizen Rights: A Typology Citizen RightsCharacter of Elections Free and FairFree not FairNone ExpansiveLiberal DemocracyLiberal/Permissive Semidemocracy (Null) LimitedIlliberal DemocracyIlliberal/Restrictive Semidemocracy Moderate Dictablanda Minimal(Null)Repressive Semidemocracy Hard-Line Dictadura

8. Journalists Killed in Latin America, 1990-1999 Country___ __ N Killings__ Colombia 36 Peru12 Mexico10 Brazil 8 Haiti 4 Argentina 3 Guatemala 3 Venezuela 2 Chile 1 Dominican Republic 1 Honduras 1 Paraguay 1 Total82 Source: Committee to Protect Journalists, Attacks on the Press in 1999 (New York: CPJ, 2000), 23.

9. Electoral Regimes and Freedom of the Press, 1990s _________________Regime____________________ Press____AutocracySemi-Democracy Democracy Not Free 1 5 2 Partly Free 1 26 51 Free 0 0 47 Totals 231 100

10. FH scores of 1-2 = Extensive FH scores of 3-4 = Partial FH scores of 5-7 = Minimal CLASSIFYING CITIZEN RIGHTS (Freedom House scales for “Civil Liberties”)

12. 1980-1989 ________________Regime___________________ Civil Liberties___AutocracySemi-DemocracyDemocracy Minimal 15 1 0 Partial 59 30 41 Extensive 1 4 39 Totals 75 35 80

13. 1990-2000 _________________Regime_________________ Civil Liberties___AutocracySemi-DemocracyDemocracy Minimal 3 0 0 Partial 4 53 109 Extensive 0 2 38 Totals 7 55 147

15. Political Regimes in 1999: Countries and Population N % Regime Type_____Countries__ __Population__ Liberal Democracy 3<5 Illiberal Democracy 11 60 Illiberal Semi-Democracy 5 33 Autocracy 1 2

16. Liberal and Illiberal Democracy, 1978-2004

18. AND NOW…? Liberal Democracy (n=7)  Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Panama, Uruguay Illiberal Democracy (n=7)  Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru Illiberal Semidemocracy (n=5)  Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Venezuela Authoritarian (1)  Cuba

19. Why Illiberal Democracy? In case of center and center-right democracies, the illiberal regimes:  Protect elite interests  Control the popular masses  Under the rubric of free and fair elections  Thus gaining international approval. In case of progressive “new left” regimes, the opposition:  Has the money  Has control of the press  Does not play by democratic rules

20. SO WHAT? CYCLES OF MASS POLITICS  Unfettered and “dangerous” democracy (e.g., reformists + Allende) [1950s-]  Military coups and authoritarian regimes [1960s-]  Democracy contained [1980s-]:  Neoliberal economics, Washington consensus  Institutional constraints (e.g. MRO)  Illiberal democracy  Rise of the “new Left” [1990s-]

21. The End