1. Legal research: legislation Academic Support Librarian November 2010 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License

2. What are we talking about? Terms used Primary sources Statute law Acts Legislation Statutory Instruments SI Rules Regulations Order

3. What do you need? Current as of today or as close as can get In original version ‘as originally enacted’ History of an act - all amendments to an act since it was passed All related legislation – Statutory Instruments under the authority of a single act Is it still in force? Sections of acts can remain in force or can come in to force at different times.

4. What are Statutes? Statutes/Acts of Parliament originate as Bills that are passed through various Parliamentary stages. Once a Bill has Royal Assent it becomes an Act and is published. Most Acts apply nationally Local and Personal Acts only relate to certain parts of the country, individuals or organisations.

5. Bills Not all Bills are passed and many are amended as they pass through the Houses of Commons and Lords. The Library has extensive access to British parliamentary materials both current and historical in print and online. See British UK government publications for full details.British UK government publications House of Commons Parliamentary Papers 1688 - 2004 - full textHouse of Commons Parliamentary Papers 1688 - 2004 Public Information Online - all parliamentary papers from 2006/07 onwardsPublic Information Online UKOP Online - a catalogue of government publications from 1980 onwards. UKOP Online Current Bills before Parliament http://www.parliament.uk/http://www.parliament.uk/

6. Statutes Human Rights Act 1998 c.42 ; Sale of Goods Act 1979 c.54 Public General Acts, KD125 U51 (original and official) –official series of statutes are published by the Stationery Office, in annual volumes in number order (each Act is assigned a 'chapter' number). –Acts in their original form, and not amended. –Largely of historical interest, however this is regarded as the official and definitive text of an act. The law changes! Always check you have the up to date/amended version of act.

7. Legislation research in print Halsbury's Statutes KD135.H3 G78 –subject arrangement. –Acts currently in force and as amended. Acts no longer in force are omitted. (Updating supplements – check date of each volume) –Subject index, an index of titles of Acts, an annual updating supplement and monthly updates. –Acts (or their equivalent) applying only to Scotland or Northern Ireland are not included. Current Law Statutes Annotated KD135.C8 C97 –Reproduces the original Act without amendments, repeals, etc. –Useful to trace the background to and parliamentary history of an Act, as references to Parliamentary papers - white papers, Standing Committee reports, Hansard debates, in footnotes. –Now included in Westlaw – look for Statute Annotations on each full text display. Textbook collections: statute books e.g. Blackstone’s statutes. Maybe recommended on reading lists.

8. Statutory Instruments Secondary legislation About 4000 a year are implemented Laid before Parliament as a draft but no readings or committee stages unlike Bills Implementing detail of Act or only impact on a local area Can be in force for a short time On web, Westlaw, Lexis, Justis In Library since 1947 on first floor

9. Online resources for case law Image Placeholder #1 Image: Screenshot of the ‘Cases’ search page of online legal service Westlaw UK Subscription resource: Yes Edited: No Date: 2010 Image Placeholder #2 Image: Screenshot of the ‘Cases’ search page of online legal service Justis Subscription resource: Yes Edited: No Date: 2010 Image Placeholder #3 Image: Screenshot of the ‘Cases’ search page of online legal service Lexis Library Subscription resource: Yes Edited: No Date: 2010

10. Legislation If rely only on Google searching, you will miss crucial information and could be using inaccurate information. BAILIIBAILII and Legislation.gov.uk  All original (not amended) versions on the web  Acts from 1988;  Statutory Instruments from 1987  Selected acts from previous 100 years  no indication of what is in force Online tutorial on law resources on the web http://www.vts.intute.ac.uk/tutorial/law/

11. WestlawUK  Select Legislation section for UK  All statutes/acts & SIs in force and as amended  Section by section display or PDF  Use Overview document in Westlaw – amendments, sections in force  Legislation Analysis in Westlaw for section by section history including key cases  Statutes Annotated feature in Westlaw for recent Acts – notes on act

12. Lexis Library  Select Legislation section for UK  All statutes/acts & SIs in force and as amended  Section by section display or PDF of whole  Notes and information links

13. Justis UK Statutes database –full text of all Acts of Parliament in England, Wales and Scotland as enacted, from 1235 to the present day –Includes repealed legislation. –Links/tabs to amended and amending legislation allow you to trace the development of the law.

14.  JustCite  Reference tool – section by section information  Lawtel  Also useful for latest status of UK legislation – has it been repealed; is it in force?

15. European Union E.g. Council Directive 96/61/EC of 24 September 1996 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control  EUR-Lex http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/index.htm - legislation, proposals, case law, Official Journalhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/index.htm  Lexis Library – select Legislation then International  WestlawUK – select EU  CELEX (Justis) – alternative archive of EU law - legislation, case law, proposals  European Sources Online – useful place to start EU policy research

16. Starting a new topic  Encycopaedias/reference works can introduce you to a new topic providing an overview of the law – key legislation and case law  Halsbury’s Laws of E & W KD310 H19  Current Law KD296.C8 C97  Reference works e.g. Chitty on Contracts; Palmer’s Company Law  Westlaw Commentary section for online versions of some key books  Specialist subject resources, e.g. British Tax Library

17. Law journal articles Example citation: A. Pottage, “Proprietary Strategies: The Legal Framework of Aristocratic Settlements” 61 M.L.R. 162 (1998 ) Articles  will add to your understanding  will offer different opinions/analysis on a case or topic.  will cover recent developments and specific topics – books take longer to publish  A secondary source offering scholarly discussion, research, commentary and analysis

18. Electronic resources recap  Electronic Resources via Library website Electronic Resources  Use the subject guidessubject guides  When know the database that you need, use the Library Catalogue  search by database name  E-Journals webpage – will specify which database to use for a series – search by series title E-Journals  Use LSE username and password to access

19. Further reading Legal research books  Use if you are researching a new topic or jurisdiction.  All will cover both hard copy and electronic methods of research. Note: some titles are a few years old but the principles of legal research and hard copy materials remain valid although online information resources may change.  Bradney, A. Cownie, F. Masson, J. Neal, A. Newell,D How to study law. Sweet & Maxwell, 5th edition. 2005  Clinch, P. Using a law library OUPress, 2nd edition. 2001  Finch, E., Fafinski, S. Legal Skills OUPress, 2007  Holborn, G. Butterworths’ Legal Research Guide. Butterworths. 2nd edition, 2001  Knowles, J., Thomas, P Effective Legal Research. Sweet & Maxwell, 1st edition 2006

20. Guidance and help  Legal research books/guides: use when covering new jurisdictions/subjects  Law Library guide Law Library guide  Internet for law tutorial Internet for law tutorial  Don’t be afraid to ask for help and don’t panic!