2. Social groups have a powerful impact on our thinking and behaviour as well as meeting a variety of needs (psychological/social). Class Question: What can groups provide us with?

3. Social groups can also provide us with knowledge about different aspects our lives Eg. Skills, safety, sense of identity, etc.

4. Social Group: refers to two or more people who interact with each other and are aware of having something in common.  Examples?  family, friendship, etc

5. Primary Group Is a small group whose members have personal, often emotional, relationships with each other; individuals spend a lot of time in these groups; members care about each other  Examples?  Family, childhood friends, highly influential social groups

6. Secondary Groups Are more impersonal and informal; members generally have temporary and short-term relationships; individuals judge each other more by what they can do, and what they can offer the organization, than by who they are  Examples?  School,  Business organizations,  Athletic teams

7. Roles Behaviours that individuals within a group are expected to perform Norms The rules within a group that indicate how members should behave Sanctions The means by which the group rewards or punishes members to control their behaviours

8. Class Question: What are cliques? What do they look like at our school?

9. Cliques An exclusive group that includes a small number of chosen members, people find others who share their values, ideas and activities

10. Members are of similar age, sex, may have same social class and be of the same ethnic group, often share the same attitudes about school and educational plans, may have other interests in common (music, dress, leisure activities)  Example "punks" "jocks"

11. Cliques help young people feel good about themselves by creating a supportive environment where self-esteem and confidence can grow. HOWEVER they can also be used to have the opposite effect. Class Question: How can they be used to have the opposite effect?

12. In any group, no matter the size, leaders exist. In primary groups, leaders may not always be identified because leadership is informal. For example, in a group of friends, one person may make a suggestion about what to do for the weekend, and other group members may choose to follow these suggestions

13. In secondary groups, leaders are more formally chosen and recognized. For example, leaders are appointed as managers or they are chosen according to explicitly stated rules.

14. 1. Instrumental Organizes a group in pursuit of certain goals. Identifies the goals and determines ways to achieve them Example; Political leaders

15. 2. Expressive Creates harmony and solidarity among group members Example; religious leaders

16. Authoritarian Gives orders and expects them to be obeyed; This form of leadership is best in emergencies! Example; Manager, military generals, dictators

17. Democratic Attempt to win consensus on goals and on courses of action; Most effective when there is a disagreement over goals and methods Example; party leaders

18. Laissez-faire Make little attempt to direct or organize groups; Allows followers to have complete freedom to make decisions concerning the completion of their work or ask questions of the leader; The leader provides the followers with the material they need to accomplish their goals and answer questions to the follower's questions Example: Montessori teachers